1. Rise of Conservative America (1968-1990)
Unit 10A
AP U.S. History

2. Think About It
To what extent did the events of the 1950s and 1960s lead to a rise in conservatism in the 1970s and 1980s?
Evaluate the extent of public policies of presidential administrations from Eisenhower to Reagan as a cause of increased public distrust in the federal government.
Compare and contrast the Warren Court ( ) with the Burger Court ( ).

3. Election of 1968 Richard Nixon (R) Hubert Humphrey (D) George Wallace
Law and Order
Southern Strategy
Hubert Humphrey (D)
National Convention Riots in Chicago
George Wallace
American Independent Party

4. Sixth Party System (1968-Present)
Republicans
Democrats
Platform
Conservatism
New Federalism
Supply-Side Economics
Privatization
Southern Strategy
Christian Coalition/Moral Majority
Proactive and expanded military
Judicial restraint
Pro-life
Electoral Events
Republican Revolution
1994 Mid-Term Elections
Contract with America
Demographics
Business Professionals/Corporations
Blue-Collar Workers
Bible Belt, Midwest, Rocky Mountains
Platform
Liberalism
Equal opportunity and social welfare
Keynesian economics and progressive taxes
National health insurance
Affirmative action
Environmentalism
Multinational coalitions
Judicial activism
Pro-choice
Electoral Events
1968 Democratic National Convention
2006 Mid-Term Elections
2008 Presidential Election
Demographics
Professionals/Academics
Women, Youth, and Minorities
Urban sectors
Unions
Northeast and Pacific West (Left Coast)

5. Richard Nixon (R) (1969-1974) Political Policy
Silent Majority
WWII veterans, Midwest, South, blue collar, suburbia, rural America
New Federalism
War Powers Act (1973)
War on Drugs
Energy Crisis and Stagflation
OPEC oil embargo (1973)
“I am now a Keynesian in economics.”
90-day price and wage controls
Conservation
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Clean Air Act of 1970
Watergate and Resignation ( )
26th Amendment (1971)
Right to vote at 18 years old
Social and Cultural Developments
Kent State University (1970)
Foreign Developments
Détente
Visit to China and Soviet Union
Vietnamization

6. Kent State University (1970)
Student protests of Cambodia invasion
Ohio National Guard opened fire, killing 4 students and wounding 9 students (May 4, 1970)
President Nixon responded with indifference
Majority of Americans blamed students
Emphasized turmoil in America over Vietnam and the youth-based counterculture
Mary Ann Vecchio in anguish over Jeffrey Miller
* Pulitzer Prize winning photo

7. The Burger Court (1969-1986) Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971)
New York Times v. United States (1971)
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Miller v. California (1973)
United States v. Nixon (1974)
Buckley v. Valeo (1976)
Gregg v. Georgia (1976)
Regents of UC v. Bakke (1978)
Bowers v. Hardwick (1986)

8. Election of 1972
Republicans
Richard Nixon
Democrats
George McGovern

9. Richard M. Nixon (R) (1969-1974) Detente
Secretary of State Henry Kissinger
Nixon Doctrine
Vietnamization
Visit to China (1972)
Met with Chairman Mao
Virtual recognition of Communist China
Soviet Union and Leonid Brezhnev
Visit to Moscow (1972)
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) (1972)
OPEC’s Oil Embargo (1973)

10. Nixon & Detente (1969-1974) Vietnamization
Purpose
Expand, equip, and train South Vietnamese
Reduce American troop involvement
“Peace with honor”
Cambodia bombings
My Lai Massacre (1968)
U.S. troops slaughtered women and children
Pentagon Papers (1971)
Avoid defeat and ensure containment
NOT to help a friend
New York Times v. United States (1971)
War Powers Act (1973)
48 hours advance notice
60 day military authorization, 30 day withdrawal
Paris Peace Accords (1973)

11. Watergate Committee to Re-Elect the President (CREEP)
White House Plumbers
G. Gordon Liddy
Break-In at Democratic National Headquarters at Watergate Hotel (June 1972)
Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein - Washington Post
Deepthroat - Mark Felt
Saturday Night Massacre (October 20, 1973)
Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox
Special Prosecutor Leon Jaworski
“I’m not a crook.”
Nixon Tapes
United States v. Nixon (1974)
Resignation (August 9, 1974)
In lieu of impeachment articles

12. Gerald Ford (R) (1974-1977) Pardon of Nixon WIN (Whip Inflation Now)
“My fellow Americans, our long national nightmare is over.”
WIN (Whip Inflation Now)
Foreign Developments
Fall of Saigon

13. Gerald R. Ford (R) (1974-1977) Detente
Helsinki Accords
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I)
Vietnam
Fall of Saigon (1975)

14. Feminist Movement The Feminine Mystique by Betty Friedan (1963)
National Organization of Women (NOW)
Gloria Steinem
“Feminism has never been about getting a job for one woman. It’s about making life more fair for women everywhere. It’s not about a piece of the existing pie; there are too many of use for that. It’s about baking a new pie.”
“Women are not going to be equal outside the home until men are equal in it.”
Roe v. Wade (1973)
Political Gains
Sandra Day O’Connor - first female Supreme Court justice (1981)
Geraldine Ferraro - first major party Vice Presidential candidate (1984)
Madeline Albright - first female Secretary of State (1997)
Nancy Pelosi - first female Speaker of the House (2006)

15. Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
“Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.”
Phyllis Schlafly
Red - ratified
Yellow - rescinded ratification
Green - ratified by only one state legislative chamber
Blue - not ratified

16. Historiography Second Wave Feminism: How Inclusive?
William H. Chafe – “The Road to Equality, 1962-Today” (2000)
Rosalyn Baxandall – “Re-Visioning the Women’s Liberation Movement’s Narrative” (2001)
The one glaring flaw that should have concerned all women activists, whatever their ideological persuasion, was feminism’s failure to escape its narrow class and race boundaries. Despite the ambitious aspirations of socialist feminists for a cross-class, cross-race coalition, most feminist activists were white, middle class, and college-educated. There were occasional black feminist groups…and each feminist organization boasted some participation by African-American or Latina women. Yet on balance, the numbers were infinitesimally small. Both the language and the programs of feminist groups semmed to reflect a white middle-class approach. Until women of all classes and backgrounds felt attracted to and welcomed by feminist groups, there was little likelihood that the promise of a unversal sisterhood could become a reality.
The Black women in groups like Mothers Alone Working (MAW) and Mount Vernon/New Rochelle were far more centered around their role as mothers and the responsibility and power that goes along with motherhood than their counterparts in predominantly white women’s liberation groups. The latter largely consisted of young, child-free women, who nevertheless often offered childcare at major functions and campaigned for free twenty-four hour daycare as part of their future needs. The women of color groups generally defined motherhood more broadly than white groups. Motherhood for them encompassed caring for all children of their community as a way of fighting for the future of their community and themselves.

17. Election of 1976
Jimmy Carter (D)
Political outsider
Gerald Ford (R)

18. Jimmy Carter (D) (1977-1981) Economy Foreign Developments
1979 Energy Crisis
Three Mile Island (1979)
Stagflation continued
“Malaise Speech”
Crisis of Confidence
Foreign Developments
Camp David Accords
Iran Hostage Situation

19. Jimmy Carter (D) (1977-1981) Human Rights
Panama Canal Treaty (1977)
Camp David Accords (1978)
Peace between Egypt and Israel
SALT II (1979)
Soviet Union and Afghanistan (1979)
Boycott of Moscow Olympics (1980)
Iranian Revolution (1979)
Ayatollah Khomeini
55 American hostages for 444 days
Operation Eagle Claw (1980)

20. Culture of the 1970s Film Music Harold and Maude A Clockwork Orange
Shaft
The French Connection
The Godfather I and II
Taxi Driver
Network
Annie Hall
All the President’s Men
Blockbusters
Jaws
Star Wars
Music
Stayin’ Alive by the Bee Gees
What’s Going On? by Marvin Gaye
War Pigs by Black Sabbath

21. Reagan Revolution Resurgence of Conservatism Demographics
William F. Buckley and The National Review
Barry Goldwater and The Conscience of a Conservative
Milton Friedman, Chicago School, and libertarian economics
American Enterprise Institute, The Heritage Foundation, Cato Institute,
Demographics
Suburbia
More blue-collar workers
Yuppies and Corporates
Christian fundamentalists
Midwest, Rocky Mountains, and Bible Belt (South)
Neoconservatism
Christian Right/Moral Majority
Judeo-Christian principles

22. America Is Facing a Crisis of Confidence; The American Spirit Remains Strong
Jimmy Carter – “Crisis of Confidence Speech” (1979)
Ronald Reagan – “Acceptance Speech at the Republican National Convention” (1980)
The threat is nearly invisible in ordinary ways. It is a crisis of confidence. It is a crisis that strikes at the very heart and soul and spirit of our national will. We can see this crisis in the growing doubt about the meaning of our own lives and in the loss of a unity of purpose. The erosion of our confidence in the future is threatening to destroy the social and the political fabric of America… We are at a turning point in our history. There are two paths to choose. One is a path I’ve warned about tonight, the path that leads to fragmentation and self-interest. Down that road lies a mistaken idea of freedom, the right to grasp for ourselves some advantage over others. That path would be one of constant conflict between narrow interests ending in chaos and immobility, It is a certain route to failure. All the traditions of our past, all the lesson of our heritage, all the promises of our future point to another path, the path of common purpose and the restoration of American values. That path leads to true freedom for our Nation and ourselves. We can take the first steps down that path as we begin to solve our energy problem. Energy will be the immediate test of our ability to unite this Nation and it can also be the standard around which we rally.
Never before in our history have Americans been called upon to face three grave threats to our very existence, any one of which could destroy us. We face a disintegrating economy, a weakened defense, and an energy policy based on the sharing of scarcity… Tonight, let us dedicate ourselves to renewing the American Compact. I ask you not simply to “Trust me,” but to trust your values – our values – and to hold me responsible for living up to them. I ask you to trust the American spirit which knows no ethnic, religious, social, political, regional, or economic boundaries, the spirit that burned with zeal in the hearts of millions of immigrants from every corner of the earth who came here in search of freedom. Some say that spirit no longer exists. But I have seen it – I have felt it – all across the land, in the big cities, in the small towns, in rural America. The American spirit is still there, ready to blaze into life if you and I are willing to do what has to be done, the practical, down-to-earth things that will stimulate our economy; increase productivity, and put American back to work.

23. Election of 1980 Ronald Reagan (R) Jimmy Carter (D) Campaign Debate
“There you go again.”
“Are you better now than you were four years ago?”

24. Ronald Reagan (R) (1981-1989) “Reaganomics” PATCO Strike (1981)
Tax Reform Act of 1986
Spending cuts on domestic and social welfare programs
Massive military expenditures
Deregulation - New Federalism
“In this present crisis, government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem.”
Black Monday (10/19/87)
508-point drop in stock market
Federal Reserve Chairman Paul Volcker
Raised interest rates to combat inflation
PATCO Strike (1981)
Immigration Reform and Control Act (1986)
Iran-Contra Affair
Social and Cultural Developments
Sandra Day O’Connor Supreme Court appointment
Foreign Developments
Grenada
Mikhail Gorbachev

25. Election of 1984 Ronald Reagan (R) Walter Mondale (D)
Geraldine Ferraro as VP
Rainbow Coalition
Campaign
Morning in America
Reagan’s Age

26. The Rehnquist Court (1986-2005)
Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988)
Texas v. Johnson (1989)
Planned Parenthood v. Casey (1992)
Shaw v. Reno (1993)
United States v. Lopez (1995)
U.S. Term Limits v. Thornton (1995)
Romer v. Evans (1996)
Clinton v. Jones (1997)
Clinton v. City of New York (1998)
Boy Scouts of America v. Dale (2000)
Bush v. Gore (2000)
Lawrence v. Texas (2003)

27. The Sunbelt and Rustbelt
Why the Sunbelt?
Low taxes, warmer climates, defense industries, right-to-work, immigrants
Rustbelt
Deindustrialization due to globalization, domestic policies, demographics. migration

28. Ronald Reagan (R) (1981-1989) Rollback
Reagan Doctrine
Provide support for resistance movements against communist governments
“peace through strength”
Operation Cyclone ( )
Support of Mujahideen in Afghanistan
Lebanon (1983)
Marines barracks bombing
Grenada (1983)
Operation Urgent Fury
Libya Bombings (1986)

29. Reagan & Rollback (1981-1989) Iran-Contra Affair
Iran-Iraq War
U.S. sold weapons to both sides; mostly to Saddam Hussein and Iraq
Nicaragua
Sandinistas
Contras
Boland Amendment (1985)
Iran-Contra Affair
Colonel Oliver North
Weapons sales to Iran funded Contras against Sandinistas

30. Reagan & Rollback (1981-1989) Soviet Union and Gorbachev
“Evil Empire”
Strategic Defense System (SDI) - “Star Wars”
Brandenburg Gate
"Mr. Gorbachev, Tear Down This Wall."
Mikhail Gorbachev’s Reforms
Glasnost
Openness and freedom of expression
Perestroika
Gradual capitalist reforms

31. Culture of the 1980s Film Music Wall Street Platoon Say Anything
Better Off Dead
St. Elmo’s Fire
The Breakfast Club
Purple Rain
WarGames
Dirty Dancing
Fast Times at Ridgemont High
Music
Material Girl by Madonna
Big Time by Peter Gabriel
Billie Jean by Michael Jackson
Welcome to the Jungle by Guns N’ Roses
Every Breath You Take by The Police
Rock the Casbah by The Clash
Fight the Power by Public Enemy
Born in the U.S.A. by Bruce Springsteen
Land of Confusion by Genesis
We Are the World