1. Warm Up
Explain the factors that contributed to the success of the Plymouth colony.
How democratic was the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

2. Possible Answers
Losing their identity as English, a group of Separatists in Holland came to America in search for religious freedom.  The group settled outside the domain of the Virginia Company and, without legal permission, settled in Plymouth Bay in Before disembarking from the Mayflower, the Pilgrim leaders drew up and signed the Mayflower Compact.  This was a simple agreement to form a crude government and to submit to the will of the majority under the regulations agreed upon.  It was signed by 41 adult males.  It was the first attempt at a government in America. In the Pilgrims' first winter of , only 44 of the 102 survived. In 1621, there was the first Thanksgiving Day in New England. William Bradford- elected 30 times as governor of the Pilgrims in the annual elections; a self-taught scholar who read Hebrew, Greek, Latin, French, and Dutch; Pilgrim leader.
Governor Winthrop of the Bay Colony did not like Democracy.  The freemen annually elected the governor and his assistants and a representative assembly called the General Court. Visible Saints was another name for the Puritans.

3. Settling the Northern Colonies 1619-1700
Chapter 3
Settling the Northern Colonies
American Pageant

4. Religious Background Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther protests of Catholic doctrines nailed to Wittenberg Catherdral in 1517.
Denounces authority of Pope and Priests. “Bible alone was source of God’s word.”
John Calvin heavy influence in the American colonies. Doctrine Institutes of the Christian Religion. God all-knowing. Predetermined fate.
Calvinism doctrines were sweeping into England at the time of Henry VIII.
Luther ignites the Protestant Reformation
Calvin’s doctrine argues that people are already selected for heaven/hell but because we don’t know.
They would seek signs of conversion where God would reveal his plan to them. Then lead sanctified lives.

5. Henry VIII Breaks with Roman Catholic Church.
Becomes head of the Church of England.
Would keep many rituals and creeds which made many unsatisfied.
Those who wanted to purify the church of all Catholic tendencies were known as Puritans.
Church of England admitted all their subjects.
King James I knew if they challenge him spiritually they might challenge him politically.
Puritans believed only “visible saints” should be admitted to church membership.
This understanding pushed King James I to try and rid the separatists from England.

6. Separatists More extreme than the Puritans.
Start by leaving to Holland. Fear the kids were adopting too much Dutch lifestyle.
Negotiate with Virginia company and set sail for Americas.
Mayflower: 65 days at sea, 102 people on board, 1 death, 1 birth.

7. Plymouth Colony Blown off course, outside control of Virginia colony.
Took preliminary surveys before settling on Plymouth rock.
Before leaving the ship: leaders drew up and signed the Mayflower Compact.
Promising step towards self-government.
Adult males soon were meeting in open-discussion town meetings to make their own laws.
Squatters?????
If they did not have a legal charter or contract to land there what essentially were they called? Squatters.
Compact was a simple agreement to form a government and submit to the will of the majority.

9. Plymouth colony continued…
First winter only survived. Only 7 well enough to bury the dead in the frozen ground.
None of them were willing to leave.
Fall of 1621 was the first Thanksgiving.
Found stability with fur, fish, lumber, and their faith.
Merged with Massachuessetts Bay Colony in 1691.
How does this contrast to the Jamestown colony? Why do you think this is?

10. William Bradford Leader of the Plymouth colony.
Elected governor of the colony 30 times.
Biggest fear was the corruption of the Non-puritan settlers who were bursting around them. Especially the fisheries that were near by.

12. The Great Migration
1629 King Charles I dismisses parliament and sanctions anti Puritan persecutions.
Puritans fearing their faith and future secured a royal charter for the Massachusetts Bay Company.
1630: 11 ships carrying a thousand immigrants started the large scale colony.
During the 1630’s seventy thousand left England. About 20 thousand came to Massachusetts. More Puritans went to Barbados than Massachusetts.

14. John Winthrop Became colony’s first governor.
Served for 19 years as governor or deputy governor.
Help the colony prosper.
Fishing, shipbuilding, and fur trading were important industries.
Declared “We shall be as a city upon a hill”
Believed they had a covenant with god to create a holy society to be a model.

15. Use the maps & charts in Chp 3 to answer the following questions.
Warm Up
Use the maps & charts in Chp 3 to answer the following questions.
Seventeenth-Century New England Settlements: When Roger Williams fled Massachusetts to found a new colony, in which direction did he go?
The Stuart Dynasty in England: Which was the only New England colony founded during the Restoration regime of Charles II?
Early Settlements in the Middle Colonies, with Founding Dates: The territory that was once New Sweden became part of which three English colonies?

16. City on a Hill
What actions create this City on a Hill?
The “City upon a Hill” section of the sermon called “A Model of Christian Charity” was written in 1630 by the Puritan leader John Winthrop while the first group of Puritan emigrants was still onboard their ship, the Arbella, waiting to disembark and create their first settlement in what would become New England. The “City” section of this sermon was pulled out by later readers as a crystallization of the Puritan mission in the New World.

17. Creating the Bay colony
People within the church had the right to vote. 2/5 of male adults. Larger than in England.
Purpose of the government was to enforce God’s laws.
All paid taxes whether in the government-church or not.
Religious leaders had enourmous influence.
Does this make it a democracy? Liberal for the times but fear and distrust for the common person.
Winthrop believed that democracy was the worst form of government.

18. Church leaders could be hired or fired by a congregation.
Public interrogations by church leaders to determine if a conversion had truly occurred.
Church leaders could be hired or fired by a congregation.
Clergy could not hold political office. Why?
Clergy could not hold office because they had suffered too much from the hands of the Anglican clergy.

19. Continued…
Protestant ethic- serious commitment to work and engage in worldly pursuits.
Often passed laws aimed at making sure simple pleasures stayed simple.
Life is serious and hell is real and dangerous.
Young married couples in New Haven would be fined 20 shillings for kissing in public.
Young married couples in New Haven would be fined 20 shillings for kissing in public.

20. Dissenters to the Colony
Anne Hutchinson-argued predestination. A holy life is no sure sign of salvation and truly saved don’t need to obey laws.
Was banished to Rhode Island and eventually to New York where she was killed by Native Americans.
Roger Williams-make a break with the Church of England. Challenge the charter and taking Indian lands without fair compensation.
Challenged civil gov’t making religious policy.
RW- an extreme separatist. Challenge was to dangerous to Puritans very beliefs. Fled to Rhode island with the help of Native Americans.

21. Rhode Island Roger Williams establishes Baptist Church.
Complete freedom of religion.
No oaths or taxes to support a church.
Basic men’s suffrage to start. Later had property qualifications implemented.
Became a colony of exiles. Indepedendent and strongly individualistic.
Which southern colony do you think Rhode island most closely resembles and why?

22. Connecticut Hartford founded in 1635. Thomas Hooker
Drafted: The Fundamental Orders-used for its colonial charter and state constitution.
New Haven founded in 1638 and merged with the other Connecticut vally settlements.
New Have not given their own charter because they sheltered two judges who put Charles II father to death. King created New Hampshire back away from Mass. Bay colony annoyed by their greed.
New Have not given their own charter because they sheltered two judges who put Charles II father to death. King created New Hampshire back away from Mass. Bay colony annoyed by their greed.

23. Treatment of Native Americans
1637- Pequot War.
King Phillip’s War.
See 500 nations video clip.

24. Pequot War (1636-1637) Puritans wanted Indians to move
Connecticut towns sent men who to attacked non-combatants
Pequots either captured, sold as slaves to West Indies, or fled for shelter to their former enemies
400 Indian men, women and children were slain

25. King Philip’s War (1675)
Indian chieftain King Philip (Metacom) -- Wampanoag Chief
52 of 90 Puritan towns attacked
Colonists victorious; Indians sold into slavery
Metacom executed and his head was displayed for 20 years

26. New England Confederation 1643
England deep in Civil War.
Colonists on their own.
Why create it? Defense from French, Indians, and Dutch.
Each colony had 2 votes. Who did not like this set up?
First chance to work together in intercolonial matters. First major step.
Will continue this problem with the Constitution.

27. Colonial neglect ends.
Charles II is restored in Church of England back in power.
Charles II takes an active role in colonies.
Defiance found mainly in Mass. King legalizes Rhode Island and Connecticut charters.
1684 Bay colony’s charter is revoked.
Becomes a theme in Massachusetts of defiance all the way into the American Revolution.

28. Andros promotes 1st Revolutions
Dominion of New England-1686 included all of New England and eventually New York and East and West Jersey.
Create colonial defense
Dominion designed to promote administration of England. Tighter control
Ex: Navigation Laws-restricts trades with others. Led to defiance by smuggling.
Sir Edmund Andros- heads the Dominion. Headquartered in Boston. Colonials offended by soldiers. Andros limits town meetings, press, courts. Taxes without consent of representatives.

29. Netherlands influence
Hudson explores Delaware and New York. Claims lands for the Dutch.
New Amsterdam becomes New York City.
Created for its fur trade.
Strong aristocratic area. No religious toleration, free speech, or democratic practices.
English regarded the Dutch as intruders.
Charles II’s brother the Duke of York is granted the land. Take over without firing a shot.
Many of the residents in New Amsterdam were unhappy with the Dutch control and Peter Stuyvesant.

30. Continued ….
Glorious Revolution James II dethroned and William and Mary take their place.
Dominion collapses and Andros is sent back to England.
Mass. Becomes a royal colony in Permanent loss of original charter. Restricted voting policy opened to male property owners.
No longer a monopoly of the Church. Puritans hold is less.
More English officials are brought to the Americas. As the 18th century goes on more resentment.
James II was Catholic. William and Mary were protestant. Andros tries to flee as a woman but his boots gave him away.

32. Penn’s Holy Experiment
Religious dissenters known as Quakers.
Refuse to support the Church with taxes. All children of God and refused to take oaths.
William Penn: 16 years old attracted to Faith.
1681 acquired a large land grant because the monarchy owed his father. Named after his father.
Attracted forward living people. Masons, carpenters, shoemakers, and manual workers.
Not taking oaths would be a huge issue with governments demanding an oath to prove people were not a Roman Catholic.

34. Continued…. Bought lands from the Native Americans.
No tax based Churches
Representative Assembly chosen by landowners.
Freedom of worship guarented to all.
Eventually pressured to keep Catholics and Jews from voting or holding office.
Very liberal features for the times.

35. Middle Colonies
Fertile soils with expansive lands known as the bread colonies.
Large Rivers, Hudson and the Delaware. Provided for development deep into the interior.
Industry flourishes with lumber and shipbuilding. Commerce with good seaports.
In between the two colonies groups. Moderate landholdings, gov’t between town and county.
More ethnically mixed, more religious toleration, democtratic.

36. In The Middle NY, PA, NJ, DE Agriculture Fur Trade Industry Population

37. Rise of the Dutch in North America
New Netherlands founded in in Hudson River by Peter Minuit
Purpose
Manhattan Island -- about 22,000 acres bought from Indians for about $30

38. Rise of the Dutch in North America
New Amsterdam -- later NYC -- founded as a company town -- sea port.
City run by and for the Dutch Co., in the interest of the stock-holders

39. Fall of New Netherlands
Indians, in retaliation for Dutch violence, massacred settlers
New England hostile to growth of New Netherlands
1664, Charles II ordered English troops to remove the Dutch from New Netherlands

40. Pennsylvania (founded 1681)
Quakers in England emerged during mid-1600's (Religious Society of Friends)
Non-conformist
Simple and democratic
Persecuted

41. William Penn
1681, secured an immense grant from the king in return for $ owed to his father
Haven for Quakers
"Holy Experiment"
Pennsylvania became best advertised of all colonies

42. Quaker Pennsylvania and its Neighbors
Philadelphia was carefully planned
Penn bought land from Indians
Representative gov't established
By 1700, Pennsylvania was the 4th largest colony
4,000 thousand Dutch, Swedish, English, and Welsh squatters were already