1. 1402 Timur defeats Bayezit/Bayezid.
Ottoman territories divided among
Bayezid’s sons. Civil war breaks out
1413 Mehmed reunites Ottoman empire
15th-16th c. Ottomans expand territory to
cover Asia Minor, much of Middle East,
N. Africa, E. Europe and Greece

2. 1453 Ottomans take Constantinople
Mehmed II (r , )
Domed Church of Haghia Sophia (bt )

3. Istanbul, not Constantinople…
Rumeli = Ottoman territories in
Europe (from Rum =
Byzantines)

4. 1514 Ottomans defeat Safavids at Chaldiran
1516 Ottomans defeat Mamluks at Marj Dabiq
1517 Ottomans take Cairo and destroy Mamluk
Sultanate and ‘Abbasid caliphate
Sept 1529 Ottomans besiege but fail to take
Vienna

5. Sultan Palace Services incl. harem, Inside Service & Outside Service
Scribal-
Financial
Bureaucracy
incl.
executive office
of divan,
chancery &
treasury
Military-
Governing
Administration
(divan),
headed
by grand
vizier
Religious-
Judicial
Establishment
i/c
religion,
education &
law

6. divan (sultan’s council)

7. Sources of Ottoman Law:
1. Shari‘a (Islamic law)
2. Kanuns (Decrees of sultans)
3. Adet (Local customary law)
4. Urf (Sultan’s discretion)
qadi/kadi (judge) mufti (jurisconsult)
madrasa/medrese (religious college)

8. Selimiyye Mosque,
Edirne (bt
by Sinan [d. 1588])