1. Six Essential Nutrients
1. Water 4. Protein
2. Carbohydrates 5. Minerals
3. Fats 6. Vitamins

2. Water (H2O) Controls body temperature.
Enables living plants and animals to hold their shape.
Involves the transport of nutrients at the cell level through osmosis and diffusion.
Helps digest feeds.
Carries waste-products resulting from body functions.
Major part of all body fluids.

3. Carbohydrates (C6H12O6) Simple and Complex
Furnishes energy for:
A. body functions
B. growth and fattening
C. reproduction
The largest part of an animal’s food supply (usually the roughage in the diet). 4 calories per gram
Includes sugars, starchs, and cellulose.
Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

4. Fats
Furnishes a concentrated source of energy. (2.25 times as much energy as C6H12O.) 9 calories per gram
Forms cholesterol, steroids, and other body compounds.
Found in every cell in the body.
Skin and hair conditions are affected when fat is absent from the diet.
Provides: Energy reserves
Protection for vital organs
Insulation for the body
Made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

5. Proteins Needed for growth and repair of the body.
Helps form the greater part of: 4 calories per gram
A. muscles and internal organs.
B. skin, hair, wool, and feathers.
C. hoofs and horns.
Contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.

6. Minerals
Potassium, phosphorous, and calcium are necessary for healthy bones.
Salt (NaCl) is important in most body functions (i.e. appearance, growth, appetite).
Iron is required for healthy blood and skin.
Most other minerals are essential, but are required in smaller amounts.

7. Vitamins Needed in minute amounts. Essential for life and health.
Catalyst for body processes.
Promotes growth and reproduction.
Contributes to the general health of the animal.

8. Vitamins and there purpose
Source
Need
Disease A
Yellow vegies, dairy, fish and liver
Night blindness,
Night blindness
B1-6 Complex
Riboflavin Niacin, Thiamine
Meat whole grains and bananas
Nervous system, low energy
Beri Beri
B12
meat, dairy
DNA Metabolism
Leber’s

9. Fruit fresh vegies, NarwhalC
Fruit fresh vegies, Narwhal
Adrenal glands, blood, bones, capillary walls, heart, mucous membranes, nervous system and teeth.
Scurvy D
Sun light
Growth, bones
Ricketts E
Fish oil and grain oils
Nervous system, skin and joints K
Dark green vegies and carrots
Blood clotting
warfarin
Protein
meat
Muscles, repair cells, blood
Pelegra
Folic Acid (Vitamin B9)
Leafy greens, eggs, yeast
Nervous system development