1. Tools for Memory: Database Management Systems
Susan D. Urban
School of Computing and Informatics
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Arizona State University
9/22/2018
CPI 101

2. What is a Database?
A database is a structured collection items that is used for the operation of an enterprise
Financial data
Customer information
Sales records
Maps and directions
Medical records
Scientific and biological data
Historical data
A database supports
Correctness and integrity of data
Integrated retrieval of related data
Concurrent user access to shared data
Analysis and decision making
Data mining and discovery
Security of data
9/22/2018
CPI 101

3. Types of Data Textual Numeric Image Audio Video Geographic 9/22/2018
CPI 101

4. What is a Database Management System?
A database management system (DBMS) is the software that assists in the creation and maintenance of a database as well as the retrieval of data.
A DBMS includes
A data model and data definition language (DDL) for specifying a database schema (i.e., the types, structures, and constraints on the data to be stored)
A database catalog for storing the database schema.
A data manipulation language (DML) for creating and maintaining the database (i.e., inserting, modifying, and deleting data)
A query language for retrieving data.
A transaction processing system for running application programs
Other features to ensure security and integrity of the data
9/22/2018
CPI 101

5. Implementation Schema
DBMS Architectures
User View 1
User View 2
User View N
Conceptual Schema
Data
Abstraction
Logical Data Independence
Implementation Schema
Physical Data Independence
DBMS
9/22/2018
CPI 101

6. Different Types of Database Systems
Legacy Systems (originated in the 1960’s)
Hierarchical
Network
Relational Database Systems
Models data in the form of tables
Accounts for the majority of new database projects
A $14 billion industry
Object-Oriented Database Systems
Models data using object-oriented concepts
Object-Relational Database Systems
Extends relational database systems with object-oriented features
Geographic Database Systems
Databases specifically for modeling 3D, geographic data
Multimedia Database Systems
Databases for modeling data in different forms (audio, video, image)
9/22/2018
CPI 101

7. Relational Database Products
Commercial
Oracle 10g
IBM DB2
Microsoft Access
Microsoft SQL Server
Informix
Sybase
Open Source
MySQL
Ingres
PostgreSQL
Berkeley DB
Cloudscape/Derby
9/22/2018
CPI 101

8. Data Models and the Database Design Process
A database is initially designed by using a conceptual data model.
A conceptual data model is DBMS-independent
Provides a more logical way of viewing data
A conceptual design can then be mapped to DBMS-dependent models.
The DBMS handles the internal implementation details of the representation.
9/22/2018
CPI 101

9. Relationship Between Data Modeling Concepts
Database Models
Implementation
Models
Functional
Model
Conceptual
Data Models
Legacy
Relational
Object-Oriented
Binary
Entity-Relationship
Semantic
Network
Hierarchical
Object-Relational
Enhanced Entity-
Relationship Model
Unified Modeling Language Class Diagrams
9/22/2018
CPI 101

10. Conceptual Modeling with the Entity-Relationship Model
9/22/2018
CPI 101

11. The Relational Data Model
Develop by Ted Codd at IBM in 1970
Models data in the form of tables.
Tables are based on the theoretical concept of mathematical relations
set theory
first-order predicate logic
Uses SQL as a declarative query language for data retrieval
Describes what you want to retrieve and not how to retrieve it (the DBMS figures out the “how to” part for you)
9/22/2018
CPI 101

12. Relational Database Concepts
Column/Attribute
Table/Relation
ID Name Addr Phone Age
Row/Tuple
Joe Phx
Sue Phx
Ann Mesa
Each column has a specific domain (integer, string, real, etc.)
9/22/2018
CPI 101

13. Relational Database Example
Course: crsid, cname, inst, length
Takes: id, crsid, date
Dept: dnum, dname, mgrid
Emp: id, name, sal, dnum
Names in bold are primary keys.
Names in italics are foreign keys used to define relationships between tables.
These relationships help to support meaningful queries over the data.
9/22/2018
CPI 101

14. SQL (Structured Query Language)
Find the name of the department that each employee works in.
select name, dname
from emp, dept
where emp.dnum = dept.dnum
Find the average salary of employees in each department
Select dnum, avg(sal)
from emp
group by dnum
order by dnum
9/22/2018
CPI 101

15. Data Import and Export
Data Import – Getting large amounts of data into the database
Data export – Getting large amounts of data out of the database
Import and export is often needed to transport data from one database to another
XML (Extensible Markup Language) has become a standard for data transport.
Most current database systems are XML-enabled, providing a way to import and export data using XML and to query XML data types.
9/22/2018
CPI 101

16. XML Example <employees> <emp> <id>123</id>
<name>Joe</name>
<sal>30K</sal>
<dnum>D1<dnum>
</emp> ….
</employees>
More about this next week…..
9/22/2018
CPI 101

17. Distributed and Internet-Scale Database Systems
Semistructured Data
Structured Data DB
XML …
Query? DB
Querying data from
different data sources in
an integrated manner
is a challenging task for
the area of information
science!
Unstructured Data
9/22/2018
CPI 101