1. Chapter 13: Personal Health Care
Unit 5: Personal Care and Body Systems

2. Objectives Discuss ways skin, hair, and nails keep your body healthy
Learn ways to manage oral care in order to keep you healthy
Implement healthy behaviors that keep eyes and ears functioning

3. Assess Your Health!
I recognize that using sunscreen will keep my skin healthy
I know where to seek help for acne and other skin disorders
I brush my teeth after every meal and floss daily
I wear sunglasses in bright sunlight to protect my eye sight
I avoid listening to loud music.

4. Healthy Skin, Nails, and Hair
Lesson 1

5. Your Skin
MAIN IDEA: Skin protects you from pathogens, regulates your body temperature, and helps you feel sensations
Largest organ in the human body
Epidermis: outer, thinner layer of the skin that is composed of living and dead cells
Dermis: thicker layer of skin beneath the epidermis that is made up of connective tissue and contains blood vessels and nerves
Lipids: what makes your skin waterproof
Maintain a proper balance of water and electrolytes

6. Your Skin
Melanin: a pigment that gives the skin, hair, and iris of the eyes their color
The more melanin your body produces, the darker the skin
Helps protect the body from harmful UV radiation that causes skin cancer
Sebaceous glands: structures within the skin that produce an oily secretion called sebum
Helps keep skin and nails from drying out

7. How the skin functions to keep you healthy:
Protection
Temperature control
Sensation

9. MAIN IDEA: A daily routine will keep your skin healthy
Keeping Skin Healthy
MAIN IDEA: A daily routine will keep your skin healthy
Wash your face every morning and evening
Daily washing, bathing, or showering helps remove and slow bacteria growth
Avoid touching your face with your hands
Choose personal skin care products carefully to avoid irritation and the chance of an allergic reaction
Follow a well-balanced diet that is rich in vitamins and minerals

11. UV Protection A tan is actually a sign of damaged skin
Prolonged exposure to UV rays can lead to skin cancer
Following are ways to protect yourself:
ALWAYS wear sunscreen (SPF 15 or higher)
Wear protective clothing (hats, long-sleeved shirts, pants)
Wear sunglasses
AVOID tanning beds

12. Body Piercing and Tattooing
Piercings and tattoos are both permanent
Involves breaking the skin barrier which increases risk of disease
Hepatitis B & C and HIV
Oral piercings can damage mouth and teeth ($$$$)
Can impact your social health

13. Skin problems Acne Warts Dermatitis or eczema Fungal infections Boils
Hair follicles: sacs or cavities that surround the roots of hairs
Vitiligo
Moles
Melanoma: most serious form of skin cancer

15. The ABCDE’s of Melanoma
A: Asymmetry
B: Border irregularity
C: Color
D: Diameter
E: Elevation

16. MAIN IDEA: Your hair protects your skin from UV radiation
Hair grows on every surface of your skin, except the palms of your hand and soles of your feet
You have more than 100,000 hairs on your head alone
Hair helps protect the skin, especially the scalp, from exposure to UV radiation.
Eyebrows and eyelashes protect the eyes from dust
Healthy hair begins from a well-balanced diet
Regular shampooing will keep your hair healthy
To keep hair healthy, avoid harsh chemicals and heated irons or blow drying too often

17. Hair problems
Dandruff: dead skin cells that are shed as sticky white flakes when the scalp becomes too dry
Head lice

18. MAIN IDEA: Nails protect your fingers and toes
Your Nails
MAIN IDEA: Nails protect your fingers and toes
Fingernails and toenails are made of closely packed dead cells that contain keratin
Cells beneath the root of the nail divide and multiply, causing nails to grow
Nails protect and support tissues of fingers and toes
Keeping nails trimmed reduces the risk of fungal infections

19. Healthy Teeth and Mouth
Lesson 2

20. MAIN IDEA: Every tooth has three main parts
Your Teeth
MAIN IDEA: Every tooth has three main parts
Periodontium: the area immediately around the tooth
Made up of gums, periodontal ligaments, and the jawbone
Support the tooth and hold it into place
3 main parts: the crown, the neck, and the root
Crown: visible portion of the tooth
Protected with enamel (a hard substance made of calcium)

21. Your Teeth
Dentin: a layer of connective tissue that contributes to the shape and hardness of the tooth
Located beneath the enamel
Pulp: the tissue that contains the blood vessels and nerves of a tooth
Protected by the overlying layers of dentin and enamel
Extends into the root canal
Neck: between the crown and the root

23. Keeping Your Teeth and Mouth Healthy
MAIN IDEA: You can make choices that keep your teeth and mouth clean and healthy
Oral hygiene, which includes brushing and flossing your teeth, is necessary for healthy and clean teeth
Tooth decay occurs when enamel is destroyed
Plaque: combination of bacteria and other particles, such as small bits of food, which adheres to the outside of a tooth
Damages the tooth by coating it, sealing out the saliva that protects the tooth
When plaque builds up, the damage results in a cavity
If decay reaches the pulp, the tooth may have to be removed

24. Keeping Your Teeth and Mouth Healthy
Brushing your teeth after eating removes plaque and flossing reaches the areas the bristles of the toothbrush may not
Visit your dentist regularly
Additional ways to keep teeth healthy:
Well-balanced diet
Reduce sugar intake
Brush teeth after each meal and floss daily
Wear a mouth guard if you plays sports
Avoid tobacco

25. Tooth and Mouth Problems
MAIN IDEA: Neglecting your teeth can result in problems
Halitosis: bad breath
Periodontal disease: inflammation of the periodontal structures
Gingivitis: swollen and irritated gums
Malocclusion: misalignment of the upper and lower teeth
Impacted wisdom teeth

27. Healthy Eyes and Ears
Lesson 3

28. Your Eyes
MAIN IDEA: The eyes and their supporting structures are a complex of parts
The eye consists of the optic nerve and three layers of the eyeball wall
Outermost layer:
Sclera: the white part of the eye
Cornea: transparent tissue that bends and focuses light before it enters the lens
Middle layer:
Choroid: thin structure that lines the inside of the sclera
Iris: colored portion of the eye that contains the pupil
Pupil: hole through which light reaches the inner eye

29. Your Eyes Retina: inner layer of the eye wall
Contains millions of light sensitive cells called rods and cones
Rods: allow us to see in dim light
Cones: function in bright light and allow us to see color
Lens: transparent and helps refine focus of images on the retina
The area between the cornea and the lens is filled with a watery fluid called aqueous humor
Between the lens and the retina there is a cavity filled with a gelatin-like substance vitreous humor
Helps the eyeball stay firm and keep its shape

31. Vision
When light passes through the cornea, pupil, and lens to reach the retina, an image forms
The brain translates the nerve impulse into images that you recognize
Having clear, or 20/20 vision, means that the images are produced clearly and sharply on your retina
Means you can stand 20 feet away from an eye chart and read the top 8 lines
When the images are not clear, an eye doctor performs tests to determine what type of disorder is affecting your vision
Myopia: nearsightedness
Hyperopia: farsightedness
20/60 vision: nearsighted, which means you can see close, but not far

32. Eye Problems Nearsightedness Farsightedness Astigmatism Strabismus
Detached retina
Infections or viruses
Glaucoma
Cataracts
Macular Degeneration

33. Keeping Your Eyes Healthy
MAIN IDEA: Making healthy choices will keep your eyes healthy
Follow a well-balanced diet
Protect your eyes
Rest your eyes regularly
Get regular eye exams

34. Your Ears
MAIN IDEA: The inner, middle, and outer ear work together so you can hear
Outer ear:
Auricle: visible part of the ear
External auditory canal leads to the eardrum
Lined with tiny hairs and glands that produce wax to protect from dust
Middle ear:
Auditory ossicles: three small bones linked together that connect the eardrum to the inner ear
Smallest bones in the body
Connected to the throat through the eustachian tube
When you swallow or yawn this tube allows pressure to be equalized on each side of the eardrum

35. Your Ears Inner ear: Labyrinth: inner ear
Cochlea: a spiral-shaped canal and is the area of hearing in the inner ear
Vestibule and semicircular canals are where balance is controlled

36. Keeping Your Ears Healthy
MAIN IDEA: Caring for your ears helps prevent irritation, injury, infection, and damage to ears, as well as hearing loss
Having regular hearing examinations
Middle ear infections can damage the structure of the ear
Treatable by antibiotics
Wearing a hat
Protective gear
Keep foreign objects, like cotton swabs out of ear canal

37. Preventing Hearing Loss
Exposure to loud noises can lead to temporary and sometimes permanent hearing loss or deafness over time
Conductive hearing loss: sound waves are not passed from the outer ear to the inner ear due to blockage or injury to the inner ear
Middle ear infection causing fluid to build up within middle ear
Sensorineural hearing loss: could result from birth defect, exposure to noise, growing older, and medication problems
Tinnitus: a condition in which a ringing, buzzing, whistling, roaring, hissing, or other sound is heard in the ear in the absence of external sound
Can be prevented by avoiding loud music and wearing ear plugs in noisy environments

38. Reference
Florida Health