1. Aim: What were the positive and negative results of conquest for Rome?

2. Do Now Describe the organization of the Roman Republic.
HINT: Who controlled the government? How did others feel about this?

3. Once Rome’s political and social systems evolved at home, its armies expanded Roman power across Italy. Their success was due to skilful diplomacy and to its loyal, well-trained army. The basic military unit was the legion, each of which included about 5,000 men. LIke in Greece, Roman armies consisted of citizen soldiers who originally fought without being paid and had to supply their own weapons. Eventually, they received a small stipend but their main compensation was always a share of the spoils of victory. To ensure continued success, Roman commanders mixed rewards with harsh punishment. Young soldiers who showed courage in action won praise and fits. If a unit fled from battle, however, one out of every ten men from the disgraced unit was put to death.
Roman Success after Conquests
According to the passage, in what ways did Rome use it’s military to ensure the success of its Republic?

4. Rome generally treated its defeated enemies with justice
Rome generally treated its defeated enemies with justice. Conquered peoples had to acknowledge Roman leadership, pay taxes, and supply soldiers for the Roman army. In return, Rome let them keep their own customs, money, and local government. To a few privileged groups among the conquered people, Rome gave the highly prized right of full citizenship. Others became partial citizens, who were allowed to marry ROmans and carry on trade in Rome. As a result of such generous policies, most conquered lands remained loyal to Rome even in troubled times.
To protect its conquests, Rome posted soldiers throughout the land. It also built a network of all-weather military roads to link distant territories to Rome. As trade and travel increased, local peoples incorporated Latin into their languages and adopted many Roman customs and beliefs. Slowly, Italy began to unite under Roman rule.
How did the Romans treat the people they conquered? Provide two specific actions by the Romans and explain HOW this helped maintain peace.

5. ROMAN LEGION: all citizens required to serve in the army
5000 foot soldiers
soldiers on horseback
divided into groups of 80 men

8. Impact of Expansion at Home
How did Roman conquest abroad impact social stability at home?
Conquests and control of busy trade routes brought incredible riches into Rome. Generals, officials, and traders amassed fortunes from oot, taxes and commerce. A new class of wealthy Romans emerged. they built lavish mansions and filled them with luxuries imported from the east. Wealthy families brought up huge farming estates, called latifundia. As Romans conquered more and more lands, they forced people captured in war to work as slaves on the latifundia. By the last days of the republic, around a third of Italy’s people lived in slavery.
The widespread use of slave labor hurt small farmers, who were unable to produce food as cheaply as the latifundia could. Many farmers fell into debt and had to sell their land. In despair, landless farmers flocked to Rome and other cities looking for jobs. There, they joined an already restless class of unemployed people. As the gap between rich and poor widened, angry mobs began to riot. In addition, the new wealth led to increased corruption. Greed and self-interest replaced the virtues of the early republic, such as simplicity, hard work, and devotion to duty.