1. Impacts of trade on Minnesota agriculture
Perry Aasness, Executive Director, Minnesota AgriGrowth

2. Access to export markets crucial to MN’s ag/food sector
MN is the 4th largest agricultural exporting state
More than one-third of MN
ag production is exported
MN’s top ag export
commodities are soybeans,
corn, pork, feed, soybean meal,
dairy, wheat
*Source, MN Dept of Ag

3. Minnesota 4th among states in agriculture exports (source: MDA)

4. Minnesota Agricultural Export Trend

5. MN ag exports: #1 among all MN industries (billion $)

6. Minnesota Agricultural Exports: Top Commodities (by value)

7. Minnesota Agricultural Exports: Top Markets

8. NAFTA
Negotiated by the George H. W. Bush Administration in 1992; signed into law by Bill Clinton in 1993
Became effective in 1994
Impacts to agriculture: tariffs virtually eliminated for most ag products between the U.S. and Mexico; also reductions and elimination of tariffs on U.S. ag/food exports to Canada
In May, 2017, the Trump Administration informed Congress of its intention to engage in negotiations with Canada and Mexico to modernize NAFTA

9. As a result of NAFTA, Minnesota ag trade with Mexico and Canada has more than tripled
Mexico: among the top export markets for U.S. ag commodities:
#1 for corn, dairy, pork, soybean meal, poultry and turkey exports
Since NAFTA, U.S. dairy exports to Mexico have increased over 500%,
#2 for soybeans, beef, processed foods, wheat, barley and DDGs exports
Exports to Mexico and Canada accounted for approximately 25% of U.S. beef exports and 50% of U.S. pork exports
Sources: MN Dept of Agriculture, Pro Farmer

10. U.S. Agricultural Exports to Canada
Top U.S. ag/food exports to Canada:
#1 export market for processed food, wheat products, oats, vegetable oils, biofuels
(processed foods account for 61% of all U.S. total ag exports to Canada)
Canada is the 2nd largest importer of U.S. ethanol (25% of total U.S. ethanol exports)
#2 in dairy, poultry and turkey
#3 in soybean meal
#4 in pork
# 5 in beef, DDGs
Sources: MN Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Marketing Resource Center

11. Implication for Minnesota agriculture if U.S. withdraws from NAFTA
Minnesota ranks 10th among states in ag exports to Mexico. If pre-NAFTA tariffs were re-imposed by Mexico:
20% tariff on soy flour
20% tariff on soybeans
15% tariff on grains
25% tariff on beef
Up to 20% tariff on pork
UP to 75% tariff on chicken
45% tariff on cheese
Source: Farmers for Free Trade

12. NAFTA: Current Status
U.S., Mexico, and Canada currently in negotiations regarding NAFTA modifications
Most recent round conducted in Montreal in January 2018
7th round will be conducted in Mexico City (Feb 25th-March 6th)
8th round will be conducted in Washington DC in April 2018
Key issues for U.S. ag include access to Canada markets for dairy, chicken, turkey, and eggs
A modified agreement by the end of 2018? 2019?

13. Beyond NAFTA - Transpacific Partnership Agreement (TPP)
12-nation pact representing 40% of global GDP and 1/3 of world trade. The U.S. withdrew from the agreement in 2017
A few examples of lost opportunities for U.S. agriculture:
Pork: agreement would have reduced tariffs on exports by 80% to Japan and Vietnam
Wheat: agreement removed tariff barriers in Vietnam
Beef: agreement would have lowered current Japanese tariffs on U.S. beef
The remaining 11 TPP member countries expected to sign a deal of their own soon

14. Final thoughts
No trade agreement is perfect, but clearly NAFTA has been a great success for Minnesota’s ag/food sector
Modernize NAFTA, but serious implications for Minnesota ag/food sector if U.S. withdraws
Access to export markets is a key factor in the success and profitability of U.S. (and Minnesota) agriculture. 95% of world population lives outside the U.S.
Our competitors aren’t waiting around (EU, Brazil, Argentina, etc.) but instead actively seeking bi-lateral and multilateral trade agreements without the U.S.

15. “NAFTA Works – Impacts on U.S. Agriculture” luncheon – March 28th