1. The Issues That Tore Our Nation Apart
Causes of the Civil War
The Issues That Tore Our Nation Apart

2. IMPORTANT VOCABULARY For before you begin
POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY –
A VOTE where the people decide on an issue. (I.E. – slavery)
COMPROMISE –
An agreement reached between two sides where both sides have to “give up” something,.

3. Vocabulary Continued ABOLITIONIST –
A person who works to bring an end to or believes in NO slavery. Often they try and help slaves to freedom.
SECTIONALISM –
The belief that your part of the country is the BEST. You put your part of the country’s needs in front of what is best for the WHOLE nation.
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4. MORE VOCABULARY! FUGITIVE –
A person who has gone against or broken the law and is on the loose.
SECEDE -
To remove or break away as the Southern states did from the Union.

5. LAST TWO WORDS! ARSENAL – A warehouse that stores guns and ammunition.
MARTYR –
A person who is willing to die for their beliefs. I.E. – John Brown

6. Cause #1
Sectionalism
North = Union
South = Confederacy 6

7. Sectionalism
Sectionalism – the excessive devotion to local interests and customs to a region of a nation.
Basically you are more loyal to a local region rather than the whole country.
North
South

8. The North had industry, large cities, a diverse population, and favored the politics of the Republican party which supported the abolition of slavery.
The North was industrial.
Cause #1 Sectionalism

9. The South was an agricultural plantation based economy.
Cause #1 Sectionalism
The South was an agricultural plantation based economy.
Southerners were especially loyal to their section. They thought of themselves...
as citizens of their own state first,
as Southerners second,
and as U.S. citizens third. 9

10. Prior to the Civil War, the United States was not really united.
Effect
Our country was more like two separate countries sharing the same land. The intense feelings divided the country into two separate sections- North and South.
Cause #1 Sectionalism
North
South

11. Slavery was a cause of the Civil War for two reasons.
Cause #2 Slavery
Slavery was a cause of the Civil War for two reasons.
Reason #1.- Moral
> The South viewed slavery as a necessity to maintaining economic wealth.
> The North viewed slavery as evil and unconstitutional.

12. Slavery was not just a moral issue but a political issue as well.
Cause #2 Slavery
Reason #2.- Political
Slavery was not just a moral issue but a political issue as well.
> Slave states (South) wanted more slave states so it could give them more power in Congress.
> Non-slave states (North) wanted more slave states so it could give them more power in Congress.

13. Cause #2 Slavery
Effect
Both Northerners and Southerners fought fiercely over the moral and political issue of slavery.
If the U.S. had been founded without slavery, then the following causes of the Civil War may have never been issues.

14. There was a great debate over where slavery would be allowed and where it would not. A debate occurred and finally a compromise was reached. It stated:
1.) Missouri entered as a slave state.
2.) Maine entered as a free state.
3.) The 36’ 30’’ line is drawn. This line was suppose to decide whether slavery would be allowed in certain territories or not.
Effect
This compromise was effective for almost thirty years. However, after about 1850, problems began to occur as more people wanted to move west after gold was discovered in California.
Cause #3 THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE (1820) States north of the red line would be free and states south of it could be slave.

15. Cause # 4 COMPROMISE OF 1850 COMPROMISE AGAIN!
This time it includes 5 parts!
1.) California enters as a FREE state.
2.) Area from Mexican Cession divided into Utah and New Mexico. Slavery issue to be decided by POPULAR SOVEREIGNTRY.
3.) ENDED slave trade in Washington D.C.
4.) Made a STRICT Fugitive Slave Law
5.) Settled boarder problems between New Mexico and Texas.
Effect
Again, problems were better for a short period of time and then became worse. Popular Sovereignty causes people to rush into an area to claim areas as a slave state or free. Tensions rise between pro slavery and anti- slavery groups. Leads to Bleeding Kansas.

16. Cause #5 FUGITIVE SLAVE ACT (1850)
This law was part of the compromise of 1850.
It was a law that REQUIRED citizens to catch runaway slaves.
If a person did not comply, they cold be fined up to $1000 or put in jail for SIX months.
Judges received $10 if they returned a slave and $5 if they freed them.
MANY blacks who were free were captured and sent back into slavery.
Northerners HATED this law because it forced them to become a part of the system of slavery.

17. Cause # 5 > Fugitive Slave Law
Effects
1. It was now a CRIME to help runaway slaves even in the North. This made many people in the North very angry.
2. MANY blacks who were free were captured and sent back into slavery.

18. Cause #6 UNCLE TOM’S CABIN (1852)
This was a NOVEL written by Harriett Beecher Stowe.
It was written to show the EVILS of slavery by telling the story of an older slave who was whipped to death by his owner.
After reading it, MANY Northerners began to change their view of slavery.
Southerners said the book was full of LIES!
Effect
It furthers the abolitionist cause to end slavery. Southerners see it as propaganda.

19. Cause #7 KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT (1854)
Divides lands into Kansas and Nebraska territories.
Decided that SLAVERY issue would be decided by POPULAR SOVREIGNTY.
Northerners believe this REPEALS the Missouri Compromise. Ignores the line established during Missouri Compromise.

20. Cause #7 KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT (1854)
Effects
Bloody Sumner-Led to violence in the Senate. Preston Brooks canes Charles Sumner after he made an anti-slavery speech.
Bleeding Kansas- Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery settlers rush into Kansas to determine whether or not Kansas will be free or slave. Leads to fighting and mass violence. Governor John Geary sends out 1,300 federal troops to stop violence

21. Cause #8 JOHN BROWN and the POTTAWATOMIE CREEK KILLINGS (1856)
Because of the violence going on in Kansas, John Brown and four of his sons, decide to take the law into their own hands.
They ride into a small town named Pottawatomie Creek and pull five pro-slavery men out of their beds in the middle of the night.
The men are murdered. John Brown believes he is doing what “GOD has told him to do”.
Effects
Many Northerners, while they don’t believe in slavery, are appalled at what he did.
Southerners fear his actions will cause additional uprisings.

22. Cause #9 Dred Scott Case (1857)
Scott was taken to the north by his owner to live for about 5 years. Then he was taken back to Missouri. When the owner died, Scott sued for his freedom in the Supreme Court.
Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled the following:
Slaves are not citizens, so they can’t sue.
Slaves are property & can be taken anywhere.
Because the 5th Amendment protected property, Congress could not ban slavery from any territory.
Therefore, The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.
Effects
Southerners LOVED the ruling while Northerners HATED it. It meant slavery could spread into all the territories!

23. Effect
Southerners supported states’ rights. They believed that they had the right to own slaves and even secede, or leave the Union, if they desired.
United States Law
Northerners did not support states’ rights. They believed the national government had final power.
Cause # 10
Belief in States’ Rights by the South.
States’ Rights- The idea that each state had the right to determine whether or not to follow federal laws

24. Cause #11 Tariffs
A tariff is a tax on imported goods.
Northerners felt the federal government had the power to make laws that applied to all states, including imposing taxes.
Southerners were angry at Congress using its power to impose taxes on the South’s agricultural products. They felt that any federal tax restricted the rights of the individual states.
Effect
> The South has deep resentment toward the North. The South feels it is being forced to by products from Northern factories because the tariffs on imports are so high.

25. Cause #12 RAID ON HARPER’S FERRY(1859)
John Brown was at it again!
This time, he led five blacks and thirteen whites into Harper’s Ferry, Virginia.
They planned to raid an arsenal and start a slave revolt.
Problem: No slaves “rose” to help.
A number of his men died and Brown was arrested by Robert E. Lee.
Brown was tried and found guilty of murder and treason. He was later hanged.
Effects
Some Northerners thought of him as a “Martyr” (someone who dies for his beliefs.)
Southerners are convinced abolitionists are trying to cause a slave revolution.

26. Cause #13 Election of Abraham Lincoln 1860
Stephen Douglass ran for President against Abraham Lincoln. In general the North supported Lincoln (Republican) and the South supported Douglass (Democrat).
Douglass believed in deciding slavery by popular sovereignty
Lincoln believed that slavery should NOT be allowed to spread into the territories.
When Republican Abraham Lincoln won the Election of 1860, Southerners believed that their rights would no longer be respected.
Effect
Many southerners believed it was time to leave the Union.

27. ELECTION OF 1860 Continued
Lincoln ran against Douglass in the Presidential Election of 1860.
The Southern states did not like Lincoln or what he believed in. They overwhelmingly supported Douglass yet Lincoln STILL got elected.
Southerners grew very angry. Said this showed it did not matter what their opinions were, the North had to much power!
Many Southerners talked of SECEDING from the Union.

28. Secession and the Attack on Fort Sumter
Cause #14
Secession and the Attack on Fort Sumter
After Lincoln’s election on December 20, South Carolina voted to succeed from the Union.
Eleven other southern states eventually seceded from the Union and formed the Confederate States of America. Secede means to break away and separate
Jefferson Davis - Selected to a 6 year term as President of the Confederacy.

29. Effects of Secession and Attack on Fort Sumter
April 12, 1861 The Confederate forces attack Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina.
Lincoln says it is still part of the U.S. because the South has no right to secede. The South says it is no longer part of the U.S.; therefore the fort is in their territory.
Effects of Secession and Attack on Fort Sumter
The Civil War Begins
After news of the attack and capture of Ft. Sumter Lincoln Calls for 75,000 volunteers.
Many people North and South rush out to volunteer for military service.

31. The Civil War
Causes
Effects