1. Direct Practice in Social Work, 2e
Scott W. Boyle
Grafton H. Hull, Jr.
Jannah Hurn Mather
Larry Lorenzo Smith
O. William Farley
University of Utah, College of Social Work
PowerPoints by Julie Emmer, University of Central Florida
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© 2009 Allyn & Bacon

2. Direct Practice in Social Work
In Chapter 3 we will:
Explore the common elements of an effective practice
Examine the five domains for understanding human behavior
Explore some of the most common theoretical models in the direct practice of Social Work
© 2009 Allyn & Bacon

3. Elements of an effective practice
Extra-therapeutic factors (client’s level of motivation, strength of ego, ability to identify a problem, and ability to relate interpersonally, along with “psychological mindedness” and social support)
Therapeutic relationship (empathy, genuineness, positive regard, and warmth)
Techniques
Expectancy-placebo effect
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4. Five Domains for Understanding human behavior
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5. The biological-physical domain
Body systems, chemistry
Genetics
Life habits
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6. The psychological domain
Cognitive processes
Judgment
Use Intelligence
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7. Emotional domain
Feelings
Self awareness
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8. Behavioral Domain Observable actions and behaviors
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9. Environmental domain Influence of other people
Influence of community at large
Toxins
Exposure to diseases
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10. Problem solving model Engagement Assessment Planning/goal setting
Intervention
Evaluation
Termination
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11. Theoretical Frameworks for direct practice
An introduction to some of the most common models in Social Work
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12. The biological-physical domain
Genetics
Neurochemistry
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13. Ego psychology Neo-Freudians Ego analysts Object relations theorists
Self-psychologists
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14. Seven propositions of ego psychology (Goldstein 1995)
People have an innate ability to function in their environment
The ego’s function is to help people adapt to the environment
The development of the ego is sequential
The ego responds to both internal and external influences
The ego mediates internal conflict, often by implementing defense mechanisms
Personality is shaped by the social environment
Social functioning should be examined within the context of the person-in-environment
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15. Cognitive theory
Examines healthy and faulty processing of information from the environment
When information is processed in a faulty way, a congruent but maladaptive response (such as anxiety or anger) results
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16. Behavioral/Learning Theories
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Social learning
Examines human behavior in terms of stimuli, responses, and reinforcements
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17. Person Centered theory
Self awareness through developing a self-concept
People move toward self-actualization
Focus is on present influences rather than past influences
Positive self acceptance is key
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18. General systems theory:
Important terms:
Relationship
Interface
Differentiation
Equifinality
Boundary
Subsystems
Homeostasis
Role
Input/output
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19. Multicultural theory
Examines each theory within its cultural context of origin & attempts to lessen the impact of the practitioner’s world view by stressing the impact of the culture of the client
Recognizes that people of all cultures have much in common, but are also influenced by different cultural forces
Recognizes that a person’s cultural identity is complex and evolves over time
Stresses that the client’s culture and preferences should be honored in the therapeutic process
The client’s social support systems may need to be included in the therapeutic process
The client should be viewed beyond his culture, as a world citizen
© 2009 Allyn & Bacon