1. Atoms and Bonding Table of Contents
Atoms, Bonding, and the Periodic Table
Ionic Bonds
Covalent Bonds
Bonding in Metals

2. Atoms, Bonding, and the Periodic Table
Elemental Effects
The table lists some elements found in the compounds used in rockets. It shows the effects these elements produce.

3. Atoms, Bonding, and the Periodic Table
Electron Dot Diagrams
The valence electrons of
an atom are shown as dots around the symbol of the element. Complete the electron dot diagram for neon.

4. Atoms, Bonding, and the Periodic Table
Periodic Table of the Elements
The periodic table is arranged in order of increasing atomic number. The number of valence electrons also increases from left to right across a period. What is the number of valence electrons for each group?

5. Atoms, Bonding, and the Periodic Table
The symbols for the elements in Periods 2 and 3 are shown below. Complete the electron dot diagrams for nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, and argon.

6. Atoms, Bonding, and the Periodic Table
Groups of Elements

7. Ionic Bonds How Ions Form
An atom that loses one of its electrons becomes a positively charged ion. The atom that gains the electron becomes a negatively charged ion.

8. Ionic Bonds
Ions
The table lists the names of some common ions, their charges, and their symbols.

9. Ionic Bonds Formation of an Ionic Bond
Follow the steps to see how an ionic bond forms between a sodium atom and a chlorine atom. Complete the electron dot diagrams.

10. Ionic Bonds A Maze of Ions
What are three pairs of oppositely charged ions? What would the electron dot diagrams be for the ionic compounds?

11. Ionic Bonds
Use the periodic table to complete the table.

12. Ionic Bonds
Halite
Ions in ionic compounds are arranged in three-dimensional shapes called crystals. Some have a cubic shape.

13. Ionic Bonds
Galena
Galena, or lead sulfide (PbS), has a structure similar to that of table salt.

14. Covalent Bonds Sharing Electrons
By sharing 2 electrons in a covalent bond, each fluorine atom gains a stable set of 8 valence electrons. Which are the shared electrons that form a covalent bond between the
2 fluorine atoms?

15. Covalent Bonds Covalent Bonds
Atoms can form single, double, and triple covalent bonds by sharing one or more pairs of electrons.

16. Covalent Bonds Melting Points of Molecular and Ionic Compounds
What information from the table helps to make a bar graph of the melting points of molecular and ionic compounds?

17. Covalent Bonds Nonpolar and Polar Bonds
Hydrogen forms a nonpolar bond with another hydrogen atom. In hydrogen fluoride, fluorine attracts electrons more strongly than hydrogen does. The bond formed is polar.

18. Covalent Bonds Nonpolar and Polar Molecules
Both carbon dioxide and water molecules contain polar bonds. Where would + and - signs be placed to show positive and negative charges?

19. Covalent Bonds Bonding Determines the Properties of a Substance
Complete the information, using water and sodium chloride as examples.

20. Bonding in Metals Metallic Bonding
The positively charged metal ions are embedded in a “sea” of valence electrons.