1. Classical Rome

2. Rome Geography Features of Italian Geography Water Mountains
Proximity (closeness)
Rivers
Tiber River
Critically important to agriculture and later trade, the Tiber River flows through the hills of Rome and is wide enough to allow barge travel. Because Rome was not an ocean city, regular shipments of grain traveled upriver from the port of Ostia.

3. Rome Economy Heavy use of slave labor Agriculture still huge
Mass production: ships
Roads

4. Rome Trade
Roads/Waterways
Traded with everyone

5. Rome Hierarchy At first, kings (Etruscans) Republic: 509-82 BCE
Patricians = aristocrats = landowners
Plebeians = other free men
Women
Slaves
Similar to ancient Greece
Empire: add the emperor at the top

6. Roman Religion Borrowed/stolen from Greeks
Requirement for new territories
Helped with governing

7. Roman Transition  Christianity
(600 BCE-6 CE)At first, empire wasn’t fond of Jews
Refused to adopt Roman beliefs when conquered
But, didn’t matter much: few Jews, not really part of empire
(6 CE) Judea conquered
Now it’s a problem
(40 CE) Christianity starts spreading
Took several hundred years
Christians also didn’t worship Roman gods
Plus, their religion was popular: individualist, salvation
That made them dangerous: fed to lions, generally dumped on
(313 CE) Rome finally gives in (Constantine)

8. Roman Culture Etruscan influence
Lots of borrowing/stealing from others

9. More Roman Culture
Big empire, lots of diversity

10. Roman Patriarchy Cicero Quote Oppian Law, 216 BCE
“Our ancestors, in their wisdom, considered that all women, because of their innate weakness, should be under the control of guardians.”
Oppian Law, 216 BCE
“Whereby no women could possess more than half an ounce of gold, or wear a dress dyed in a variety of colors, or ride in a horse-drawn carriage in a city or town or within a mile of it except on holy days.”

11. Roman Patriarchy Exceptions
Baths?
Oppian Law incident

12. Rome Story 1 Why Latin? Why Rome? Indo-European group, the Latins
Already had the Latin language
Why Rome?
Story: Romulus vs. Remus
April 1, 709 BCE

13. Rome Story 2
Etruscans
650 BCE, conquered Rome back when it was still a village
Established Rome as a much larger city
Many early kings of Rome (note kings 1st) were Etruscan

14. Rome Story 3 Founding of republic, 509 BCE
…several centuries while Rome conquers other areas in Italy…
By 264 BCE, Rome has conquered most of Italy
Study map for next slide
Look at me, I’m Sicily!

15. Rome Story 4 Punic War I, 264-241 BCE Carthage = Phoenicians
Sicily is to Rome as ____ is to the U.S.A. in the 1960s
A) Mexico
B) Germany
C) Cuba
D) South America

16. Rome Story 5 Punic War I, cont’d
What type of warfare would the Phoenicians be good at?
Romans figure a way around: the corvus

17. Rome Story 6 241 BCE, Rome wins Sicily from Carthage
Carthage = angry! Hannibal wants revenge
So, Punic War II, BCE
Hannibal goes on the offensive
Drama, cool war stories
“Hannibal ad portas”

18. Rome Story 7 Punic War II ends Punic War III Rome gets Spain
Not at all necessary

19. I’m really not even alive at this point
Rome Story 8
I’m really not even alive at this point
Rome conquers Macedonians
Who’s “the great” now?

20. Rome Story 9 First Triumvirate, 60 BCE Second Triumvirate, 44 BCE
Three rulers, hence “tri”
One gets killed, the other two fight
Julius Caesar wins out
“Cross the Rubicon”
 Dictatorship
Second Triumvirate, 44 BCE
Antony, flees with Cleopatra to Egypt, dies
Age of Augustus, 31 BCE-14 CE

21. Rome Story 10
“five good emperors”

22. 325 CE: what are the red spots?
Rome Story 11
325 CE: what are the red spots?
Christianity spread (see Religion PP)
Persecution of Christians
Review check: why did Rome not like Christianity?

23. Rome Story 12 Diocletian: 284-305 CE Constantine: 306-337 CE
Experimented with four sub-emperors
…didn’t really work
Constantine: CE
Deathbed Christian conversion
…that definitely had an effect
Byzantine  Constantinople ( Istanbul)

24. Rome Govt Twelve Tables, 450 BCE Senate Emperor(s) Set of laws
Not very impressive
Senate
Mostly rich people
Did have power: voted on government acts
Emperor(s)
“Dictator” from Republican days
Then, hereditary
Senate still around during this time, just weaker