1. TheAge of Revolutions
1/9/18

2. BELLWORK – Block 1
When we left off last semester, we were talking about absolute monarchs in Europe. Who was Elizabeth I and was she a successful ruler? Explain!
How did the church/state relationship change after the Renaissance and Enlightenment periods?
What was the Church of England?
Define Parliament
What is a revolution? Can you think of any examples of revolutions from first semester?
THINKER: Brainstorm with your elbow partner a list of at least 3 reasons countries would choose to revolt.

3. Vocabulary Parliament Revolution Prime Minister Divine Right Cabinet
Boycott
Federal System
Absolutism
Revolution
Divine Right
Colony
Commonwealth
Cavaliers
Puritans
Roundheads

4. English Monarchy
Following the rule of Queen Elizabeth I, James I becomes king.
James, a member of the Stuart dynasty was king of Scotland when he assumed the throne.
Soon after James becomes king, he conflicts with Parliament.
Why do you think the king and Parliament did not get along?

5. Read about James on pages 413-414 and answer the following questions:
List three reasons why James I was an unpopular monarch.
Who were the Puritans? Why did both Charles and James persecute them?
What is martial law?
Describe Charles I’s relationship with Parliament.
List three ways in which the Petition of Right limited the monarch’s powers.

6. The Back-story
King James I was a big believer in the divine right of kings (reigned from )
He believed that God put him on the throne and as a result, he could rule any way he chose
His son would go on to become King Charles I (reigned from ) and thought that dad had a GREAT idea
Parliament had other ideas

7. As we go through the following slides, you are going to complete a worksheet on the English Civil War

8. Charles I – pgs
When James I died in 1625, his son Charles became king.
Charles was disliked because he opposed the Puritans, believed in divine right, and married a Catholic woman.
Charles dissolved Parliament when they would not give him money for war.
He then forced land owners to “loan” the government money. If they refused, they were put in jail.

10. Charles I
The King placed some areas under martial law or military rule with no individual rights.
Charles I needed money to fight war against Spain and France, so he called Parliament into session.
Parliament agreed to finance the war, and in return, forced Charles to sign the Petition of Right: limited Charles’ power.
Once again, Charles got rid of Parliament and ignored the petition.
To further increase his power, he named William Laud to be leader of the Church of England, & continued to persecute the Puritans.

11. (you say you want a revolution…)
The English Civil War
(you say you want a revolution…)

12. Why do you think King Charles I and Parliament had trouble getting along?

13. Religion King Henry VIII founded the Church of England in 1529
In 1625, King Charles I married Queen Henrietta Maria of France, a fiercely Catholic nation
Puritans believed the King to be a secret Catholic
In 1637, Charles I tried to force Scotland to make changes to their church services
In 1639, Scotland objected and mounted a rebellion

14. Religious Divisions Charles continued the religious divisions when he:
denied Puritans the right to practice
burned Puritan writings
punished outspoken Puritans.
Tried to force Scotland and Ireland to accept the Church of England.
Scotland’s National Covenant pledged to preserve religious freedom.
Outraged by the King’s actions, citizens were prepared to go to war!

15. Parliament
In 1642, King Charles I moved to arrest the leaders of Parliament, but they’d been tipped off and escaped
War was now inevitable

16. Rebellion Charles I needed to put down the Scottish rebellion of 1639
You need money to fight a war
Charles needed money from Parliament in order to fight the war
Parliament hadn’t been in session for 11 years (only the king could call Parliament and he didn’t want to hear their complaints)

17. Who were the different groups involved in the English Civil War?
Who do you think will have the upper hand?

18. Fighting for the King King Charles I Royalists Cavaliers

19. Cavaliers
Cavaliers, named because they were members of the cavalry (soldiers trained to fight on horseback)

20. In Parliament’s Corner…
Parliamentarians
Roundheads
Oliver Cromwell

21. Roundheads Fought for Parliament
Roundheads, named for their close-cut hair, very different from the free flowing locks of the Cavaliers

22. Civil War The king had the strongest support in the north of England
Parliament’s support was strongest near London and in southeast England
Families were often on opposite sides of the fight

23. The End Charles I was defeated in 1648 and executed in 1649
Oliver Cromwell was named Lord Protector of England in 1653
Cromwell was not much better than King Charles I
After Cromwell’s death in 1658, Charles I’s son was “restored” to the throne
Cromwell’s body was dug up and dragged through the streets
An Eyewitness Representation of the Execution of Charles I of England, painted in 1649 by John Weesop