1. Circulatory System
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Adapted from:
S. MORRIS 2006
Circulatory System
Circulatory System: Heart, Myocardium, Atrium(s), Ventricle(s), Pulmonary vs. Systemic Circulation, Valves, Aorta, Arteries, Veins, Capillaries, Red Blood Cells, Hemoglobin, White Blood Cells, Platelets, Lymph, Spleen.
Biology - Unit4: Body Systems

2. Functions
Transportation system by which oxygen and nutrients reach the body's cells, and waste materials are carried away.
Also carries substances called hormones, which control body processes, and antibodies to fight invading germs.

3. Pulmonary Circulation
Movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart again

4. Systemic Circulation
Supplies nourishment to all of the tissue located throughout the body , except for the heart and lungs

5. Close up of heart valve Heart sounds are made by the valves as they open and close

6. Pericardium Enclosed in a protective sac called the ___________

7. The Heart The heart contracts about 72 times per minute
Pumps about 70mL of blood with each contraction.

8. now lets look inside the heart
Circulatory System
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The Heart
This is a vein. It brings blood from the body, except the lungs.
These are arteries. They carry blood away from the heart.
2 atria
Coronary arteries, the hearts own blood supply
2 ventricles
The heart has four chambers
now lets look inside the heart
Biology - Unit4: Body Systems

9. The Heart Artery to Lungs Artery to Head and Body
Circulatory System
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The Heart
Artery to Lungs
Artery to Head and Body
Vein from Head and Body
Vein from Lungs
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
valve
valve
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Biology - Unit4: Body Systems

10. Heart Beat
Because the SA node paces the heart it is known as the pacemaker.
Creates the electrical current that sets the pace for the heart
The impulse spreads from the pacemaker to the rest of the atria.
When the ventricle contracts, blood flows out.

11. The heart beat begins when the heart muscles relax and blood
Circulatory System
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How does the Heart work?
STEP ONE
blood from the body
blood from the lungs
The heart beat begins when the
heart muscles relax and blood
flows into the atria.
Biology - Unit4: Body Systems

12. The atria then contract and
Circulatory System
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How does the Heart work?
STEP TWO
The atria then contract and
the valves open to allow blood
into the ventricles.
Biology - Unit4: Body Systems

13. The cycle then repeats itself.
Circulatory System
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How does the Heart work?
The valves close to stop blood
flowing backwards.
The ventricles contract forcing
the blood to leave the heart.
At the same time, the atria are
relaxing and once again filling with
blood.
STEP THREE
The cycle then repeats itself.
Biology - Unit4: Body Systems

14. blood from the heart gets around the body through blood vessels
Circulatory System
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blood from the heart gets around
the body through blood vessels
There are 3 types of blood vessels
a. ARTERY
b VEIN
c CAPILLARY
Biology - Unit4: Body Systems

15. Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
Circulatory System
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The ARTERY
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
the elastic fibres allow the artery to stretch under pressure
thick muscle and elastic fibres
the thick muscle can contract to push the blood along.
Biology - Unit4: Body Systems

16. Veins carry blood towards the heart.
Circulatory System
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The VEIN
Veins carry blood towards the heart.
veins have valves which act to stop the blood from going in the wrong direction.
thin muscle and elastic fibres
body muscles surround the veins so that when they contract to move the body, they also squeeze the veins and push the blood along the vessel.
Biology - Unit4: Body Systems

17. The CAPILLARY Capillaries link Arteries with Veins
Circulatory System
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The CAPILLARY
Capillaries link Arteries with Veins
they exchange materials between the blood and other body cells.
the wall of a capillary
is only one cell thick
The exchange of materials between the blood and the body can only occur through capillaries.
Biology - Unit4: Body Systems

18. The CAPILLARY A collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed.
Circulatory System
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The CAPILLARY
A collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed.
artery
vein
capillaries
body cell
Biology - Unit4: Body Systems

19. what’s in BLOOD digested food red blood cells white blood cells oxygen
Circulatory System
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what’s in
digested food
red blood cells
white blood cells
BLOOD
oxygen
waste (urea)
platelets
carbon dioxide
hormones
plasma
Biology - Unit4: Body Systems

20. Blood About 5,000,000 Red Blood Cells in ONE drop of blood.
Most numerous type
Transport oxygen
Get color from hemoglobin
Disk shaped
Made in red bone marrow
Circulate for 120 days

21. Circulatory System
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White Blood Cells
there are many different types and all contain a big nucleus.
the two main ones are the lymphocytes and the macrophages.
macrophages ‘eat’ and digest micro-organisms .
some lymphocytes fight disease by making antibodies to destroy invaders by dissolving them.
other lymphocytes make antitoxins to break down poisons.
Biology - Unit4: Body Systems

22. Sweat! Plasma It also contains useful things like; carbon dioxide
Circulatory System
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Plasma
It also contains useful things like;
Sweat!
carbon dioxide
glucose
amino acids
proteins
minerals
vitamins
hormones
waste materials
like urea.
A straw-coloured liquid that carries the cells and the platelets which help blood clot.
Biology - Unit4: Body Systems

23. SUMMARY copy and complete the following;
Circulatory System
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SUMMARY
copy and complete the following;
Arteries take blood ______ from the heart. The walls of an artery are made up of thick _________ walls and elastic fibres. Veins carry blood ________ the heart and also have valves. The _________ link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall. Blood is made up of four main things ______, the liquid part of the blood; Red Blood Cells to carry ______; White Blood cells to protect the body from disease and _________ to help blood clot.
away
muscular
towards
capillaries
plasma
oxygen
platelets
Biology - Unit4: Body Systems

24. Blood Clotting Problems
Hemophelia
Genetic disorder that disrupts clotting
People must be very careful to avoid injury
Can be treated by injecting extracts that contain the missing clotting factor.

25. Disorders of Circulatory System
Heart Attack
Due to atherosclerosis, coronary arteries may become blocked (blood can’t get to heart muscle)
Heart muscle begins to die due to lack of O2

26. What is the benefit of a 4 chambered heart?
Circulatory System
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What is the benefit of a 4 chambered heart?
Biology - Unit4: Body Systems

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Circulatory System
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Biology - Unit4: Body Systems