1. Circulatory System
Mrs. Degl

2. What is the circulatory system?
The circulatory system carries blood and dissolved
substances to and from different places in the body.
The Heart has the job of pumping these things around
the body.
The Heart pumps blood and substances around the
body in tubes called blood vessels.
The Heart and blood vessels together make up the
Circulatory System.
Mrs. Degl

3. How does this system work?
pulmonary vein
lungs
pulmonary artery
head & arms
aorta
main vein
Right
Left
liver
digestive system
kidneys
legs
Mrs. Degl

4. Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system.
This means it has two parts parts.
Lungs
Body cells
the right side of the system
deals with deoxygenated blood.
the left side of the system
deals with oxygenated blood.
Mrs. Degl

5. now lets look inside the heart
This is a vein. It brings blood from the body, except the lungs.
These are arteries. They carry blood away from the heart.
2 atria
Coronary arteries, the hearts own blood supply
2 ventricles
The heart has four chambers
now lets look inside the heart
Mrs. Degl

6. The Heart Artery to Lungs Artery to Head and Body
Vein from Head and Body
Vein from Lungs
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
valve
valve
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Mrs. Degl

7. How does the Heart work? STEP ONE blood from the lungs
blood from the body
blood from the lungs
The heart beat begins when the
heart muscles relax and blood
flows into the atria.
Mrs. Degl

8. The atria then contract and
How does the Heart work?
STEP TWO
The atria then contract and
the valves open to allow blood
into the ventricles.
Mrs. Degl

9. The cycle then repeats itself.
How does the Heart work?
STEP THREE
The valves close to stop blood
flowing backwards.
The ventricles contract forcing
the blood to leave the heart.
At the same time, the atria are
relaxing and once again filling with
blood.
The cycle then repeats itself.
Mrs. Degl

10. blood from the heart gets around the body through blood vessels
There are 3 types of blood vessels
a. ARTERY
b VEIN
c CAPILLARY
Mrs. Degl

11. Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
The ARTERY
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
the elastic fibres allow the artery to stretch under pressure
thick muscle and elastic fibres
the thick muscle can contract to push the blood along.
Mrs. Degl

12. Veins carry blood towards from the heart.
The VEIN
Veins carry blood towards from the heart.
veins have valves which act to stop the blood from going in the wrong direction.
thin muscle and elastic fibres
body muscles surround the veins so that when they contract to move the body, they also squeeze the veins and push the blood along the vessel.
Mrs. Degl

13. The CAPILLARY Capillaries link Arteries with Veins
they exchange materials between the blood and other body cells.
the wall of a capillary
is only one cell thick
The exchange of materials between the blood and the body can only occur through capillaries.
Mrs. Degl

14. The CAPILLARY A collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed.
artery
vein
capillaries
body cell
Mrs. Degl

15. what’s in BLOOD digested food red blood cells white blood cells oxygen
waste (urea)
platelets
carbon dioxide
hormones
plasma
Mrs. Degl

16. The Blood
white blood cell
red blood cell
plasma
platelets
Mrs. Degl

17. Red Blood Cells
contain haemoglobin, a molecule specially designed to hold oxygen and carry it to cells that need it.
a biconcave disc that is round and flat without a nucleus
can change shape to an amazing extent, without breaking, as it squeezes single file through the capillaries.
Mrs. Degl

18. White Blood Cells
there are many different types and all contain a big nucleus.
Phagocytes ‘eat’ and digest micro-organisms .
the two main ones are the Lymphocytes and the Phagocytes.
Some lymphocytes fight disease by making antibodies to destroy invaders by dissolving them. Other lymphocytes make antitoxins to break down poisons.
Active immunity can happen when the body detects a foreign substance and develops antibodies to kill it. After the virus is over the body keeps it’s antibodies to protect against future infections. Vaccines produce active immunities. Passive immunities can happen when a person receives antibodies from the blood of another person or animal (blood transfusions or eating meats). These are temporary.
Mrs. Degl

19. Platelets Platelets are bits of cell broken off larger cells.
Platelets produce tiny fibrinogen fibres to form a net. This net traps other blood cells to form a blood clot.
Mrs. Degl

20. Plasma It also contains useful things like; carbon dioxide glucose
amino acids
proteins
minerals
vitamins
hormones
waste materials
like urea.
A straw-coloured liquid that carries the cells and the platelets which help blood clot.
Mrs. Degl

21. According to the AB0 blood typing system there are four different kinds of blood types: A, B, AB or 0 (null).
Blood group A If you belong to the blood group A, you have A antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and B antibodies in your blood plasma
Blood group B If you belong to the blood group B, you have B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and A antibodies in your blood plasma.
Blood group AB If you belong to the blood group AB, you have both A and B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells and no A or B antibodies at all in your blood plasma.
Blood group O If you belong to the blood group O (null), you have neither A or B antigens on the surface of your red blood cells but you have both A and B antibodies in your blood plasma.
Mrs. Degl

22. Blood Types
Mrs. Degl

23. Disorders of the Transport System
Diseases of the heart and blood are cardiovascular diseases.
High blood pressure is called Hypertension, which can damage the arteries and weaken the heart muscle.
Anemia results when the blood cannot carry enough oxygen to the body cells.
Angina is a narrowing of the coronary artery which slows blood flow to the heart. This causes shortness of breath or chest pains. This leads to a hear attack.
Leukemia is a form of cancer in which the bone marrow produces abnormally large numbers of white blood cells.
Mrs. Degl

24. SUMMARY copy and complete the following;
Arteries take blood ______ from the heart. The walls of an artery are made up of thick _________ walls and elastic fibres. Veins carry blood ________ the heart and also have valves. The _________ link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall. Blood is made up of four main things ______, the liquid part of the blood; Red Blood Cells to carry ______; White Blood cells to protect the body from disease and _________ to help blood clot.
away
muscular
towards
capillaries
plasma
oxygen
platelets
Mrs. Degl