1. Spring 2013 CS 103 Computer Science – Business Problems Lecture 9: Mobile Technology
Instructor: Zhe He
Department of Computer Science
New Jersey Institute of Technology
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2. Learning Objectives What does “mobile” mean? Components
Typical device features
The state of the industry
Operators, Devices, Openness, Each of development
Mobile Operating Systems
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3. What does “mobile” mean?
From the Latin mobilis –”to move”
Able to move freely or easily
Able or willing to move freely or easily between occupations, places of residence and social classes”
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4. Mobile device
Mobile, wireless or cellular phone – a portable, handheld communications device connected to a wireless network that allows users to make voice calls, send text messages and run applications.
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5.
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6. Why mobile? One handed use Limited (input, processing, battery life)
Small
Truly ubiquitous
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7. Mobile device manufactures
RIM
SAMSUNG
Apple
Motorola
Nokia
Sharp LG
Sony
Palm ……
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8. Mobile phone capabilities
Bluetooth
WiFI
GSM
GPRS
WAP
GPS
voice
LTE
RFID
speaker
Text graphics
CDMA
NFC
microphone
color
camera
monochrome
WiMax
EDGE
ring tones
1990
2000
2010
2012
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12. GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
GSM is the most popular standard for mobile phones worldwide used by 5 billion people across 212 countries and territories, serving over 80% of the global mobile market.
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13. GSM The network is structured into a number of discrete sections:
The Base Station Subsystem
The Network and Switching Subsystem (The core network)
The GPRS Core Network (the optional part which allows packet based internet connections), which allows 2G, 3G and WCDMA mobile networks to transmit IP packets to external network such as the internet.
The Operations support system (OOS) for maintenance of the network.
GSM cell site antennas
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14. GPRS General Packet Radio Services
A mobile data service for use on GSM networks.
Part of the 2.5G standards family
Data rates: kbps
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15. CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
A second generation (2G) standard for mobile phones
US operators: Sprint, Verizon
Based on spectrum multiple access technique
A spreading code is a pseudo-random code that has narrow ambiguity function, running at much higher rate than the data to be transmitted. Data for transmission is combined via bitwise XOR.
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17. 3G- WCDMA and CDMA 2000 WCDMA (AT&T) CDMA2000 (Verizon)
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
A third generation (3G) standard for mobile phones
It uses the same core network as the 2G GSM network
Allow dual mode mobile operation along with GSM/EDGE.
Data rate: 384 kbps (2002), ~2Mbps (2012),
HSPDA 8-10Mbps (AT&T claims it 4G)
CDMA2000 (Verizon)
It uses CDMA channel access
1X data rate: up to 153 kbps (average kbps)
1xEV-DO data rate: up to 3Mbps, (average 600 kbps – 1.4Mbpss)
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18. LTE Long Term Evolution
A standard for 4G wireless communication of high-speed data for mobile devices.
HD Voice
High-speed data rate:
Download: up to Mbps
Upload: up to 75.4 Mbps
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19. Operators in the US
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20. Operating system on mobiles phones
Mobile Operating System Structure
Mobile Operating System Platforms
Java ME Platform
Palm OS
Symbian OS
Linux OS
Window Phone OS
Google Android Platform
Apple iOS
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21. Mobile OS Features Features Multitasking Scheduling Memory Allocation
File System Interface
Keypad Interface
I/O Interface
Protection and Security
Multimedia features
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22. Intro to Mobile OS
Design and capabilities of a Mobile OS (Operating System) is very different than a general purpose OS running on desktop machines:
constraints and restrictions on their physical characteristic such as screen size, memory, processing power and etc.
Scarce availability of battery power
Limited amount of computing and communication capabilities
Operating System is a piece of software responsible for management of operations, control, coordinate the use of the hardware among the various application programs, and sharing the resources of a device.
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23. Operating System Structure
A mobile OS is a software platform on top of which other programs called application programs, can run on mobile devices such as PDA, cellular phones, smartphone and etc.
Applications
OS Libraries
Device Operating System Base, Kernel
Low-Level Hardware, Manufacturer Device Drivers
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24. Mobile Operating System Platforms
There are many mobile operating systems. The followings demonstrate the most important ones:
Java ME Platform
Palm OS
Symbian OS
Linux OS
Web OS
Windows Mobile OS
BlackBerry OS
iPhone OS
Google Android Platform
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25. Market share
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26. Java ME Platform
J2ME platform is a set of technologies, specifications and libraries developed for small devices like mobile phones, pagers, and personal organizers.
Java ME was designed by Sun Microsystems (now Oracle). It is licensed under GNU General Public License
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27. Device Characteristics
Java ME Platforms
It includes two kinds of platforms:
High-end platform for high-end consumer devices. E.g. TV set-top boxes, Internet TVs, auto-mobile navigation systems
Low-end platform for low-end consumer devices. E.g. cell phones, and pagers
Platforms
Device Characteristics
“High-End” consumer devices
a large range of user interface capabilities
• total memory budgets starting from about two to four megabytes
• persistent, high-bandwidth network connections, often using TCP/IP
“Low-end” consumer devices
simple user interfaces
minimum memory budgets starting from about 128–256 kilobytes
low bandwidth, intermittent network connections that is often not based on the TCP/IP protocol suite.
• most of these devices are battery-operated
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28. Palm OS
Palm OS[1] is an embedded operating system designed for ease of use with a touchscreen-based graphical user interface.
It has been implemented on a wide variety of mobile devices such as smart phones, barcode readers, and GPS devices.
It is run on Arm architecture-based processors. It is designed as a 32-bit architecture.
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29. Symbian OS
Symbian OS is 32 bit, little-endian operating system, running on different flavors of ARM architecture[4].
It is a multitasking operating system and very less dependence on peripherals.
Kernel runs in the privileged mode and exports its service to user applications via user libraries.
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30. Symbian OS Real-time: it has a real-time, multithreaded kernel.
Data Caging [6]: it allows applications to have their own private data partition. This feature allows for applications to guarantee a secure data store. It can be used for e-commerce applications, location aware applications and etc.
Multimedia: it supports audio, video recording, playback and streaming, and Image conversion.
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31. Embedded Linux OS
It is known as Embedded Linux which is used in embedded computer systems such as mobile phones, Personal Digital Assistants, media players and other consumer devices.
In spite of Linux operating system designed for Servers and desktops, the Embedded Linux is designed for devices which have relatively limited resources such as small size of RAM, storage, screen, limited power and etc. Then, they should have an optimized kernel.
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32. Embedded Linux OS
It is a Real-Time Operating System (RTOS). It meets deadlines and switch context
It has relatively a small footprint. Today, mobile phones can ship with a small memory. Thus, OS must not seek to occupy a large amount of available storage. It should have a small foot print. Theoretically, they deploy in a footprint of 1MB or less.
It is open source. It has no cost for licensing.
Examples: Motorola Mobile phones such as RAZR V8, RAZR V9, A1200 are based on MontaVista Linux.
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33. Windows Mobile OS & Windows Phone
Windows Mobile is a compact operating system designed for mobile devices and based on Microsoft Win32.
It is run on Pocket PCs, Smartphones and Portable media centers.
It provides ultimate interoperability. Users with various requirements are able to manipulate their data.
Windows Phone 8 will be released in late 2012.
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34. Google Android OS
It is a platform and an operating system for mobile devices based on the Linux operating system.
It allows developers design applications in a java-like language using Google-developed java libraries.
It supports a wide variety of connectivity such as GSM, WiFi, 3G, LTE
As of Q3 of 2012, 500 million devices and 1.3 million new activation per day.
Now version 4.1.X (Jelly Bean)
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35. Google Android OS
Android architecture:
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36. Apple iOS
iOS is an operating system run on iPhone, iPad and iPod touch.
It is based on Mach Kernel and Drawin core as Mac OS X.
The Mac OS X kernel includes the following component:
Mach Kernel
BSD
I/O component
File Systems
Networking components
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37. Apple iOS Mac OS X has a preemptive multitasking environment.
Preempting is the act of taking the control of operating system from one task and giving it to another task.
It supports real-time behavior.
As of half of 2012, it had 23% share of smart phone OS units sold. 410 million devices activated.
65% of mobile web data consumption.
Most recent version iOS 6.0
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38. References
[1] Palm OS, [2] Palm OS is a multitasking operating system. How can I create a task?, [3] Palm OS Programmer’s companion- Volume I, [4] Mobile Operating Systems, [5] Symbian OS, [6] Symbian OS, [7] Mobile Phones, the Embeded Linux Challenge, [8] iPhone SDK, [9] [10]
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