1. Environmental and Natural Resource Economics 3rd ed. Jonathan M
Environmental and Natural Resource Economics 3rd ed. Jonathan M. Harris and Brian Roach Chapter 7 – Ecological Economics: Basic Concepts
Copyright © 2013 Jonathan M. Harris

2. Growing Economic Subsystem Population and Goods Produced
Figure 7.1a: The Economic Subsystem Relative to the Global Ecosystem (Small Scale)
Solar Energy
Finite Global Ecosystem
Growing Economic Subsystem
Population and Goods Produced
Energy
Energy
Source Functions
Sink Functions
Resources
Waste
As discussed in Chapter 1, the economic system needs to be viewed in the context of the finite global ecosystem.
Recycled Matter
Waste Heat
Source: Goodland, Daly, and El Serafy, 1992, p. 5.

3. Growing Economic Subsystem Population and Goods Produced
Figure 7.1b: The Economic Subsystem Relative to the Global Ecosystem (Large Scale)
Solar Energy
Finite Global Ecosystem
Growing Economic Subsystem
Population and Goods Produced
Energy
Energy
Source Functions
Sink Functions
Resources
Waste
As the economic system grows, it presses up against the limits of the global ecosystem
Recycled Matter
Waste Heat
Source: Goodland, Daly, and El Serafy, 1992, p. 5.

4. Figure 7.2: Ecological-Economic Model of Brabant, the Netherlands
A combined economic-ecological model shows many interactive flows between elements of the systems.
Source: Adapted from Braat and Steetskamp, 1991, p. 283.