1. What products were taken from China to the Middle East (Southwest Asia) along the Silk Road, and then on to Europe?
China sent silk, iron, and bronze to the Middle East and Europe.

2. What products and ideas were taken to China long the Silk Road?
China got gold, glass, ivory, animal hides, horses, and cattle as well as Buddhism. People along the Silk Road shared ideas and goods that were new to them. Trade flourished along the Silk Road.

3. Where did Zheng He’s voyages go? How did China benefit from them?
Zheng He traveled from China long the coasts of Southeast Asia, South Asia, Southwest Asia, and Africa. Demand in these areas for Chinese goods increased. As a result, manufacturing (of silk and ceramics, for example) and commerce grew. Also, China received tribute from many of the nations that Zheng He visited.

4. How did Europe benefit from the Crusades? List two benefits.
Some benefits included the following:
Increased trade with the Middle East, involving the products of Southwest Asia such as spices, sugar, rugs, perfumes, and silk and cotton textiles.
Exposure to Muslim learning and ideas
European rediscovery of early Greek and Roman learning, a factor in the development of the Renaissance

5. What were negative effects of the Crusades on people in Europe and the Middle East?
A negative effect was a growth of intolerance as Christians persecuted Jews and Muslims in Europe and Muslims persecuted Christians in Europe.

6. According to the map, where did the trade routes originate?
Trade originated in the Middle East. Italian city-states were located on the Med Sea and used their shops to carry goods from the Middle East to ports with access to land routes. Italian city-states grew in wealth and power, so they became leaders during the Renaissance. The Middle East also grew in wealth.

7. Europeans attained corn, potatoes, gold and silver from the New World, with no negative effects. The Americans attained weapons, horses, and Christianity. One negative effect was the introduction of diseases that killed many Americans.
According to this diagram, what were the positive and negative impacts of the exchange on both the Americans and the Europeans?

8. Europe gained raw materials such as firs, iron, lumber, rice, tobacco, sugar, molasses, and fruit, as well as markets for European manufactured goods. The slave trade sent enslaved Africans to the Americas, largely to work on plantations.
What were the positive (benefits to Europe) and negative (impact on Africa) effects of this 18th century trade pattern?

9. Peasants had to pay high taxes and rents, while nobles were taxed lightly. The peasants were very poor; their children dressed in rags. Bread cost more than the peasants could afford to pay.
What were three observations this traveler made about the life of peasants in France between 1787 and 1789?

10. Very few people occupied the first and second estates, yet they held 45 percent of the land. The third estate, which included by far the most people, held only 55 percent of the land.
What was the relationship between the percentage of the population in each estate and the percentage of land owned by that estate?