1. Chapter 21 – Napoleonic Era
Reading Quiz
Discuss Napoleon

2. Napoleon PBS Documentary Parts 1 & 2

3. Part 1 documentary – 0 – 23 minutes

4. Napoleon

5. Why Napoleon? Moderates popular- bring order
reaction against radical phase
1795 National Convention- new constitution
Upper Bourgeoisie have power
2 house legislature
Executive= Directory (5 men)

6. Napoleon Born in Corsica 1769
Mastered military tactics at military schools
Joined army of new govt. during revolution
Oct helped protect National Convention (became hero)

7. Military Successes 1796-1797 Directory appoints him to command army
Beat Austria, Kingdom of Sardinia
Fights in N. Italy- makes alliances
Becomes most popular general in Europe

8. November 1799 Directory overthrown by Consulate
Coup d’etat
Directory initially holds on
500 troops in legislature
Vote to end Directory
Napoleon head of Consulate (3)
Dictatorial power seized

10. Part 2 PBS doc : 27 – 44 min

11. Napoleon

12. Support for Consulate Keep previous reform Solve current problems
Peasants, workers, merchants- promise of trade expansion, lower food prices, peasants keep land gained in Revolution
Nobles- pardons were offered to those who fled
Bourgeoisie- given govt. and army positions, promise of order, stable economy, trade

13. Second Coalition 1797 1st Coalition ends after campaign in Italy
1799 2nd Coalition formed
GB, Austria, Russia
Napoleon successful in N. Italy
Austria & Russia make peace
1802 Peace of Amiens (GB)
1st time in 10 yrs- peace in Europe

15. Napoleon becomes Emperor
At 1st act like an elected leader
1800 Plebiscite-(the direct vote of all the members of an electorate) approves constitution giving Napoleon all real power as 1st consul
nd Plebiscite made him consul for life

16. Concordat of 1801 Agreement made with Pope Pius VII
Balanced rights of Church and State
State bishops, Church confirm
Bishops appoint priests
Religious freedom
Catholics had favored postition

17. 1804 Napoleon takes title of Emperor
Title symbolizes control over France
Crowned himself (not Pope)

18. Napoleon PBS Documentary Parts 3 & 4

19. Napoleon Restores Order
Secret police maintain power
Opposition crushed
Jacobins crushed after royalists target him
German Bourbon (next in line) killed

20. Napoleon Restores Order
Economic order
Inflation slowed, balanced budget, creation of the national bank
Religious order- religion is political with the Concordat

21. Napoleonic Code 1804 All men treated as equals
Women lost any rights gained
NO feudalism and class privilege
Freedom of religion and property
Workers inferior to employer
No unions
Govt. support of education
Positions gained based on merit

22. Napoleonic Code Limited liberty Easy for men to divorce
Newspapers censored
Slavery restored in colonies
Easy for men to divorce
No primogeniture

23. Napoleonic Code Napoleon announced he was above the law
“Things don’t work unless you break the law everyday”
Machiavellian?

24. Napoleonic Wars Napoleon wants to modernize & become master of Europe
“Peace treaties” are made with Russia, Austria, England
1803 War breaks out with England
France threatens her trade and sea power
France defeats Austria, Sweden, Prussia

25. 1805-1807 Victories Oct. 1805 Battle of Ulm Vienna, Austria taken
Oct Battle of Trafalgar
Only loss to 3rd Coalition
Nelson (GB) defeats French fleet
France decides not to invade GB

26. Victories
Dec Battle of Austerlitz defeat of Austria and Russia
-The French victory at Austerlitz effectively brought the Third Coalition to an end.Austria accepted defeat and gave up lands; Russia pulled back
Oct Battle of Jena
- The decisive defeat suffered by the Prussian Army subjugated the Kingdom of Prussia to the French Empire until the Sixth Coalition was formed in 1812.

27. Napoleon dominates Europe
June Battle of Friedland
Peace of Tilsit - All Prussian territory west of the Elbe River became the new Kingdom of Westphalia, with Napoleon's own brother, Jérôme as its future King.
Conquered lands:
Annexed by France
Remained independent in name only
Attached by alliance (Prussia, Russia, Austria)
Large but unstable empire

28. Part 3 doc –3: minutes

29. Results of Napoleonic Wars
Napoleon brings Revolution’s reforms to Europe
Taxes conquered lands
Soldiers taken from conquered lands

30. Napoleon’s Downfall Love of power = downfall 3 misjudgments
Cut off trade to England
Make brother king of Spain
Invasion of Russia

31. Continental System
1806 No French controlled land could trade w/ England
Aimed at England who was keeping ships from France
Plan= defeat England by striking at trade (industry)
France and lands under France would stop importing British goods

32. Continental System
Problem= England just traded with Spanish colonies, smuggled, and blocked (large navy) ports of France and her allies
Result= Middle class merchants turn against Napoleon
French economy weakened

34. Spain 1808 King of Spain forced to abdicate
Napoleon makes brother Joseph king

35. The Second of May 1808 (The Charge of the Mamelukes), Francisco Goya (1814)

36. The Third of May 1808, Francisco Goya (1814)

37. Peninsular War Portugal defeated
Response- Spain and Portugal get help of British (guerilla)
England invades France
Spain regains her land after 5 years of war ( )
Significance- French troops held up(300,000 dead- France weakened, patriotism against Napoleon is inspired

38. Invasion of Russia Russian was once allied with France Why?
France afraid Russia would make alliance with England
Russia selling grain to England
June 1812 Napoleon invaded Russia with 614,000 men GRAND ARMY
Many not French

39. Invasion of Russia
Russians retreat burning land and farms, France follows
Sept. 14- Moscow abandoned when French arrive
100,000 French alive (NO FOOD)
Stay 5 weeks waiting for surrender (leave in Dec.)
Worst French military defeat in history (40,000 return)

40. Retreat
from
Russia

41. Part 4 documentary – 0-5 minutes (Spain)
13 – 24 minutes (up to Moscow)

42. Battle of the Nation Oct. 1813- Leipzig, Germany
Britain, Prussia, Austria, Russia, Sweden defeat Napoleon
Paris captured in March 1814
Army cut to pieces
Generals do not want to fight, Napoleon does

43. The End (#1)… April 1814- Napoleon abdicates
exiled to island of Elba (Italian coast)
Quadruple Alliance (GB, Austria, Russia, Prussia)- formed to prevent attacks by France

44. Napoleon Abdicates

45. The 100 Days March 1, 1815 Napoleon returns from exile
support from King Louis XVIII’s soldiers
Becomes Emperor again
Quadruple Alliance gathers

46. The 100 Days June 18, 1815 Napoleon defeated at Waterloo (Belgium)
This was the first time Wellington had encountered Napoleon, and he commanded an Anglo-Dutch-German army that consisted of approximately 73,000 troops, 26,000 (36 percent) of whom were British.
European alliance led by Duke of Wellington
End of 100 Days
Napoleon’s last bid for power

47. Duke of
Wellington
Served as English ambassador to France
General of Prussian army that defeated Napoleon at Waterloo
Considered Britain’s greatest military hero; served as Prime Minister later in Britain

48. The End (Again)… Napoleon sent to St. Helena
Remote island in South Atlantic (off the coast of Africa)
Six years later, he died, most likely of stomach cancer, and in 1840 his body was returned to Paris, where it was interred in the Hotel des Invalides.
Stomach cancer or arsenic poisoning?

49. Significance of Napoleon
French Revolution’s reforms and ideas were spread
Nationalism grew
Led to development of independent nations

50. Congress of Vienna
Emperor Napoleon was defeated in May 1814 and Cossacks marched along the Champs-Elysées into Paris. The victorious Great Powers (Russia, Great Britain, Austria and Prussia) invited the other states of Europe to send plenipotentiaries to Vienna for a peace conference. At the end of the summer, emperors, kings, princes, ministers and representatives converged on the Austrian capital
In March 1815, in the midst of all these feverish negotiations, the unthinkable happened: Napoleon escaped from his place of exile on Elba and re-occupied the throne of France, starting the adventure known as the Hundred Days.
The allies banded together once again and defeated him decisively at Waterloo on June 18th, 1815, nine days after having signed the Final Act of the Congress of Vienna. The Congress was led by Klemens Von Metternich of Austria.