1. Grab a Chrome Book when finished.
Bell Ringer: 3/4/17
Objective: Identify the three factors that impact enzyme functionality.
Question:
Identify five functions of proteins.
State the four macromolecules and the monomers of each.
Grab a Chrome Book when finished.

2. Amoeba Sisters: Enzymes
YouTube: “Enzymes: The Proteins that remind us of pac-man”

3. Enzyme Notes: “Helper” Protein molecules

4. Flow of energy through life
Life is built on chemical reactions
Reactions can occur when bonds are broken or attached in order to create new molecules.
What are some chemical reactions that you can think of?
 Breaking down lactose, glucose etc.

5. Nothing works without enzymes!
How important are enzymes?
all chemical reactions in living organisms require enzymes to work
building molecules
synthesis enzymes
breaking down molecules
digestive enzymes
enzymes speed up reactions
“catalysts”
enzyme +
enzyme +

6. Why Use Enzymes?? Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions
They make it
“cheaper”
What reaction is taking place in this chart?

7. Enzymes are proteins
Each enzyme is the specific helper to a specific reaction
each enzyme needs to be the right shape for the job
enzymes are named for the reaction they help
sucrase breaks down sucrose
protease breakdown proteins
lipase breakdown lipids
DNA polymerase builds DNA
What do these enzymes end in?

8. Enzymes aren’t used up Enzymes are not changed by the reaction
used only temporarily
re-used again for the same reaction with other molecules
very little enzyme needed to help in many reactions

9. Key Terms Enzyme: Substrate:
Active Site: Part on the protein that substrate connects to.
Product:
protein that acts as a catalyst (helps reactions occur)
molecule that is being broken down or built
What the enzyme helps produce from the reaction.
product
substrate
enzyme
active site

10. It’s shape that matters!
Lock & Key model
shape of protein allows enzyme & substrate to fit
specific enzyme for each specific reaction

11. What affects enzyme action?
Correct protein structure
correct order of amino acids (Why?)
Temperature
Too hot =DENATURE
Too cold = slow down
pH (acids & bases)
Does pH impact shape?

12. Order of amino acids Wrong order = wrong shape = can’t do its job! DNA
folded protein
chain of amino acids
DNA
right shape!
folded protein
chain of amino acids
DNA
wrong shape!

13. Temperature Effect on rates of enzyme activity Optimum temperature
greatest number of collisions between enzyme & substrate
human enzymes
35°- 40°C (body temp = 37°C)
Raise temperature (boiling)
denature protein = unfold = lose shape
Lower temperature T°
molecules move slower
fewer collisions between enzyme & substrate

14. Temperature human enzymes reaction rate 20 50 temperature 37°
What would happen to the reaction of the temperature was 50 degrees?
What would happen to the reaction if the temperature was 20 degrees? 20 50
temperature

15. pH Effect on rates of enzyme activity
changes in pH changes protein shape
most human enzymes = pH 6-8
depends on where in body
pepsin (stomach) = pH 3
trypsin (small intestines) = pH 8

16. Wait…What is pH? 1-6 7 Acidic Potential of Hydrogen 8-12 Basic
Measure of the amount of hydrogen in a solution. The more hydrogen atoms the higher the pH. The less hydrogen atoms makes a lower pH.
1-6 7
8-12
Acidic
Neutral
Basic

17. Let’s pause notes and test pH.

18. Pink cup = lemon juice
White cup = milk
Green cup = Ammonia
Extra cups used for lab.
Don’t cross pipettes.
Use small squares of pH paper.
READ CAREFULLY!

20. Bell Ringer 3/7/17
Objective: Discuss the organic compounds and create concept maps relating the material.
Question: Complete the chart below
Macromolecule
Building Block
Function(s)
Examples
Protein
Monosaccharide
Insulation
DNA

21. What did we find? Examples of acid: Examples of base:
What happens when we blend substances?

22. How does my body regulate pH?
Buffers: Responsible for grabbing extra hydrogens and bringing pH back to normal.
Example: Sodium Bicarbonate is a buffer that removes excess hydrogen from our blood

23. pH stomach pepsin intestines trypsin reaction rate pH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
What’s happening here?!
reaction rate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 pH

24. For enzymes… What matters?
SHAPE!

25. Building & Working Protein
Using your Chrome book research a working protein.
State the name of your protein.
Describe its function. What is it used for?
Write 4 facts about your protein.

26. FIRST SEPARATE INTO FIVE PILES Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid Carbohydrate
Connector Words

27. SECOND Create a concept map on your lab table. Then…
Stations 1 & 2: Carbohydrates
Station 3 & 4: Lipids
Station 5 & 6: Proteins
Station 7: Nucleic Acids

28. DDDDEEEAAARRRRRR DDAAAYYY!!

29. Enzyme Hand

30. Closure:
What does the lock and key model mean?
What does denature mean?
What three things can denature an enzyme?
What are the four functions of a protein?
What process breaks apart amino acids?