1. COS Standard 5
Evaluate the impact of social changes and the influence of key figures in the United States from World War I through the 1920s, including Prohibition, the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment, the Scopes Trial, limits on immigration, Ku Klux Klan activities, the Red Scare, Susan B. Anthony, Margaret Sanger, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, the Harlem Renaissance, the Great Migration, W. C. Handy, the Jazz Age, and Zelda Fitzgerald.

2. Prohibition 18th Amendment 21st Amendment
Prohibits sale, manufacture and distribution of alcohol.
21st Amendment
Repeals prohibitions
Speakeasies: secret bar where alcohol can be purchased
Alcohol and violence are related.

3. Prohibition continued

4. Prohibition continued

5. 19th Amendment Suffrage: right to vote
1848: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott attempt to gain the rights to vote at the Seneca Falls Convention.
After the Civil War, women try to get the right to vote when African Americans get the right to vote (piggyback on the passage of the 14th and 15th Amendments)

6. 19th Amendment continued
2 groups of suffragists emerged:
National Women Suffrage Association: Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony; passing constitutional amendments for suffrage
American Women Suffrage Association: Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe; convince state governments to pass legislation for suffrage
Apart, the groups are not effective.
Some states pass do pass suffrage laws: Wyoming, Idaho, Utah, and Colorado

7. 19th Amendment continued
The two groups will unite: National American Women Suffrage Association
Other states will allow women to vote, but still not universal.
Women begin to march to protest lack of rights.
Some suffragettes resort to extreme tactics to get the right to vote.
Alice Paul

8. 19th Amendment continued
The 19th Amendment takes a couple of times to finally pass through Congress.
It is not until 1920 that women get the right to vote.

9. Susan B. Anthony and Alice Paul

10. The Scopes Trial
With the changes taking place in America, people worry about social decline.
In 1925, Tennessee passes the Butler Act, which makes it illegal to teach evolution (human developed from a lower form of life over millions of years).
John T. Scopes tests the Butler Act.
He is arrested and put on trial and found guilty

11. Limits on immigration
President Harding passes the Emergency Quota Act in 1921.
Limits immigration to 3% of the total number of people in any ethnic group already living in the US.
In 1924, the National Origins Act was passed.
Lowered the quota to 2% of each national group living in the US in 1890 restricts immigrants from southern and eastern Europe.
No restrictions on immigrants from the western hemisphere.

12. Limits on immigration continued
Immigration restrictions limit the amount of people in the labor pool.
Mexican immigrants flood into the US.
In the 1920s, racism and nativism increased.
Sacco and Vanzetti: two Italian immigrants who were thought to be anarchists were accused of murder and theft.
Sentenced to death, executed proclaiming innocence.

13. Sacco and Vanzetti

14. Limits on immigration and KKK
Nativists like the idea of eugenics.
Improving heredity traits
Inferior people should not be allowed to breed.
Ku Klux Klan (KKK) will try to restrict immigration.
Target: African Americans, Catholics, Jews, immigrants and people who have un-American values.
KKK declines.

15. Limits on immigration continued
Why is there a revival of racism and nativism?
Economic recession
Influx of immigrants
Tensions between races and cultures
Threatens the status quo
Competition for same jobs

16. Red Scare and Palmer Raids
Communism is associated with disloyalty and unpatriotic behavior.
Nationwide panic that the Communists might take control of America
“Big Brother” will start to watch people they think are a threat.
A. Mitchell Palmer: US Attorney General attacked with bomb.
Sets up General Intelligence Division of Justice Department headed by J. Edgar Hoover (FBI)
Raided radical organizations rounding up immigrants and deporting them

17. A. Mitchell Palmer and J. Edgar Hoover

18. Margaret Sanger Advocated for birth control
Trouble for mailing obscenities
Shows how women are gaining more rights and gives rise to the flapper

19. New morality and Flapper
Challenges traditional ideals and glorifies youth and personal freedom
Women go to work, earn a living or attend college
Cars allow young people to pursue interests away from parents.
Flapper: young, dramatic, stylish, and unconventional women; smoke, drink and wear revealing clothes

20. Flapper

21. Harlem Renaissance
Great Migration: African Americans move from the south to the north in search for jobs.
Harlem, New York: African Americans who cultivate their artistic development, racial pride, sense of community and political organizations which led to African American arts.

22. Examples of people of the Harlem Renaissance
Claude McKay: writer
Langston Hughes: writer
Louis Armstrong: trumpet and cornet player; introduced jazz music (influenced by Dixieland music and ragtime)
Cotton Club: famous Harlem nightspot
Duke Ellington: jazz musician
Bessie Smith: blues singer (soulful music about problems)

23. Examples of people of the Harlem Renaissance

24. W. C. Handy Musician Father of the Blues Alabama “St. Louis Blues”
“Beale Street Blues”

25. Jazz Age
Nicknamed the Roaring Twenties

26. Zelda Fitzgerald Flapper: carefree, dramatic and unconventional
Alabama
Married to F. Scott Fitzgerald
Wrote short stories and painted