1. Napoleon Bonaparte
Hero or Tyrant?
Part 2

2. Napoleon - Who Is He?
1804 Declared himself Emperor of France
Brilliant embodiment of French Revolution ideals of egalitarianism and meritocracy
The creator of modern warfare
At height of his power he ruled 70 million people

3. Napoleon Bonaparte
or1815

4. Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte dominated European history from 1799 to 1815.
He preserved what was beneficial in the revolutionary program.
Napoleon was born in 1769 on the Mediterranean island of Corsica.
He went to a military school in France on a royal scholarship.
In 1785, he was commissioned as a lieutenant in the French army.

5. Napoleon Bonaparte
The French Revolution and the European wars that followed it gave him the chance to use his knowledge.
By the age of only 24, Napoleon was made a brigadier general by the Committee of Public Safety.

6. Napoleon Bonaparte- A Brilliant Military Commander

7. Napoleon Bonaparte
The Italian Campaigns. He conquered most of Italy for France.
He captured 540 cannon and 170 standards
In northern Italy, he moved to suppress religious orders, end serfdom, and limit age-old noble privilege.
He took Venice- ending 1,100 years of independence

8. He was a brilliant strategist. He used deception on the field and off
Napoleon Bonaparte
He was a brilliant strategist.
He used deception on the field and off
During the Italy campaigns of 1797 he created 2 newspapers: 1 for the troops and 1 for France.
When he returns to France he is a hero

9. 1798 the Directory rules France. Napoleon helps them stay in power....
Napoleon Bonaparte
1798 the Directory rules France. Napoleon helps them stay in power....
He wants to destroy England (of course!) but knows the French navy is not equipped to defeat the strongest naval force on earth.
So Napoleon turns to Egypt where he hopes to cut off the trade route between India and England. (India, a British colony, provides immense wealth to England...remember the British East India Tea Company; the world’s largest corporation...with its own army)

10. 1798- Napoleon in Egypt Napoleon Bonaparte
He took along 167 scientists, mathematicians, chemists, etc.
Their discoveries included the Rosetta Stone

11. What made Napoleon’s army so terrifying anyway?
Napoleon Bonaparte
What made Napoleon’s army so terrifying anyway?
Speed and Surprise
Very mobile army - marched 500 miles in 5 weeks to capture Vienna, Austria
It was said, the emperor Napoleon won his battles with legs rather than arms. He could calculate the marching speed and distance so exactly that he knew with certainity when his support troops would arrive

12. What made Napoleon’s army so terrifying anyway?
Napoleon Bonaparte
What made Napoleon’s army so terrifying anyway?
Napoleon was brilliant at divide and conquer
He could “see the field” and knew exactly where the enemy would march - he often set successful traps and he often deceived the enemy as to his intent or the size of his troops

13. What made Napoleon’s army so terrifying anyway?
Napoleon Bonaparte
What made Napoleon’s army so terrifying anyway?
French Cannon could shoot an 8 pound projectile (other armies used a 6 pounder) and it was very mobile

14. But the PRIMARY WEAPON of the French forces was Napoleon’s mind
Napoleon Bonaparte
What made Napoleon’s army so terrifying anyway?
But the PRIMARY WEAPON of the French forces was Napoleon’s mind
Napoleon was a brilliant tactician. Duke of Wellington said,
“Napoleon’s hat on the battlefield is worth 50,000 men”

15. What made Napoleon’s army so terrifying anyway?
Napoleon Bonaparte
What made Napoleon’s army so terrifying anyway?
This could be your next evil headquarters...
This is a 30-foot-tall Martello Tower in Suffolk, England. It has one door, 13-foot-thick walls, and was built to keep Napoleon out of England

16. Napoleon Bonaparte

17. Coalition Allies against France/Napoleon:
Napoleon Bonaparte
MEANWHILE......
Back in France, the French Republican army is not doing to well fighting the Second Coalition.
Over time there are 6+ different coalition forces against France and Napoleon.
Coalition Allies against France/Napoleon:
England, Prussia, Austria, Russia, Spain (and just about everyone else)

18. The Directory is overthrown in a coup d’etat
Napoleon Bonaparte
The Consulate
The Directory is overthrown in a coup d’etat
The Consulate (3 men- 1 of which is Napoleon) will rule until 1804

19. 1801-1802 Temporary Peace in Europe
Napoleon Bonaparte
Temporary Peace in Europe
France isn’t yet ready to invade England
A temporary peace is signed
Napoleon under the Consulate issues significant reforms