1. RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY
It covers all of our individual disciplines.

2. RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY
Radiography
Mammography
Computed Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Quality Management
Sonography
Radiation Therapy
Bone Densitometry
Vascular Sonography
Breast Sonography
Cardiac Interventional Radiography
Vascular Interventional radiography
Radiologist Assistant
Nuclear Medicine

3. 5 Primary Certifications
 Radiography (R)
Nuclear Medicine Technology (NM)
Radiation Therapy (T)
Sonography (US) Ultrasound or Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer (RDMS)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR)
candidates must have successfully completed a formal educational program in the respective discipline that is accredited by a mechanism acceptable to ARRT.

4. Post Primary Certifications
Mammography (M)
Computed Tomography(CT)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR) or (MRI)
Note: Both a primary and post-primary track
Quality Management (QM)
Cardiac-Interventional Radiography (CI)
Vascular-Interventional Radiography (VI)
Sonography (US) or (RDMS)
Note: Both a primary and post-primary track
Vascular Sonography (VS)
Breast Sonography (BS)
Bone Densitometry (BD)
Registered Radiologist Assistant (RA)

5. MRI and Sonography are PRIMARY and POST PRIMARY
Can get formal education
On the job training
if you have a primary certification in radiography, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy
meet clinical requirements.

6. Radiography : Primary Certification
Mina Colunga R.T. (R)
Mina Colunga Registered Technologist in the specialty of Radiography

7. SALARY RANGES RT’s New R.T. (R) = $ 23 -$40 per hour
ON-CALL + O.T. $48,000 – $83,000 YR
Advance disciplines
R.T. (CT), (T), (NM), (S), (M), etc
$ 30 - $50 PER HOUR

8. Individual Disciplines of Radiology

9. RADIOGRAPHY Diagnostic Radiology
Technologist
Radiographer
Technician (Limited Licensure)
Specializing in the use of x-rays to create images of the body including the skeletal system, chest and abdomen

10. Two Types of x-ray examinations
Fluoroscopy
Radiography

11. Radiography Using X-Rays to view the internal structure of an object.
The X-rays that pass through the object are captured behind the object by a detector (either photographic film or a digital detector).
The generation of flat two dimensional images by this technique is called projectional radiography

12. Types of Diagnostic Exams
Chest
Extremities
Skull/ Facial
Spine
Gastrointestinal
Interventional

13. Fluoroscopy

14. FLUOROSCOPY
Medical imaging that shows a continuous X-ray image on a monitor, much like an X-ray movie.
Used in a wide variety of examinations and procedures to diagnose or treat patients. Some examples are:
Barium X-rays and enemas (to view the gastrointestinal tract)
Catheter insertion and manipulation (to direct the movement of a catheter through blood vessels, bile ducts or the urinary system)
Placement of devices within the body, such as stents (to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels)
Angiograms (to visualize blood vessels and organs)
Orthopedic surgery (to guide joint replacements and treatment of fractures)

15. Barium
This is a salt of a heavy metal, and as such it absorbs x-rays very well.
It can be made into a thick suspension and swallowed (the barium swallow or meal) or introduced into the colon via the rectum (the barium enema).
The barium coats the lining of the stomach or colon, and when air is introduced to distend the gut, you get really detailed pictures of the bowel lining, covered in a thin layer of barium
the barium is white, and the air distending the colon is black. Small tumors and ulcers can be diagnosed in this way.

16. Beyond Diagnostic Radiography
Ultrasound (sonography)
Angiography
Computerized tomography (CT)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
Nuclear Medicine
Mammography
Radiation Therapy

17. Bone Densitometry (BD) – Post primary certification
1) Must have primary certification in radiography, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy
2) Meet clinical requirements

18. Bone Densitometry- measures mineral content and density of bones

19. Low Doses of Radiation

20. Career in Radiography --uses high frequency sound waves
Ultrasound (sonography)
--uses high frequency sound waves

21. Ultrasound beam is transmitted and reflected –
as special crystal at the end of
the transducer can
determine the type of tissue
Determines depth

22. Uses SOUND WAVES (NOT X-RAYS)
“real time” images

23. ULTRASOUND
uses a technique similar to Navy SONAR to produce diagnostic images.

27. U/S & the “real thing”

28. Vascular Sonography cd

30. Obstetric Ultrasound is the use of ultrasound scans in pregnancy
Obstetric Ultrasound is the use of ultrasound scans in pregnancy. Since its introduction in the late 1950’s ultrasonography has become a very useful diagnostic tool in Obstetrics.
Currently used equipments are known as real-time scanners, with which a continuous picture of the moving fetus can be depicted on a monitor screen. Very high frequency sound waves of between 3.5 to 7.0 megahertz (i.e. 3.5 to 7 million cycles per second) are generally used for this purpose. They are emitted from a transducer which is placed in contact with the maternal abdomen, and is moved to "look at" (likened to a light shined from a torch) any particular content of the uterus. Repetitive arrays of ultrasound beams scan the fetus in thin slices and are reflected back onto the same transducer. The information obtained from different reflections are recomposed back into a picture on the monitor screen (a sonogram, or ultrasonogram). Movements such as fetal heart beat and malformations in the fetus can be assessed and measurements can be made accurately on the images displayed on the screen. Such measurements form the cornerstone in the assessment of gestational age, size and growth in the fetus

31. SUB SPECIALITY IN ANGIOGRAPHY
Cardiovascular Interventional Technology
Vascular Interventional Technology
Must have certification in diagnostic radiography in order to be trained and certified in these special procedures.

32. Angiogram
A medical imaging technique using x-ray and contrast agent to visualize the inside of blood vessels and organs of the body.
Angiography or arteriography is a medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside, or lumen, of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins and the heart chambers. This is traditionally done by injecting a radio-opaque contrast agent into the blood vessel and imaging using X-ray based techniques such as fluoroscopy.

33. Cardiac Interventional Radiography (CI)- Primary certification
Mike Smith, RT (R) (CI)
Must have primary certification in radiography
2) Meet clinical requirements

34. Also known as CT, Cat Scans
Computed Tomography
Also known as CT, Cat Scans

35. Computed Tomography
Uses ionized radiation to obtain cross sectional images
Designated by CT
Jennifer Smith, R.T. (R) (CT)
Must have primary certification in radiography, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy
Meet clinical requirements

36. Computed Tomography
Able to do 3D reconstruction

38. MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging

39. MRI SIGNAL PRODUCTION
Uses
Magnet field
radio waves

40. MRI Uses magnetic and radio waves to create images
Can be whole body or cross sectional
Designated by MRI
Jeremy Assef, R.T., CRT, (MRI)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is primarily a medical imaging technique most commonly used in radiology to visualize the structure and function of the body. It provides detailed images of the body in any plane. MRI provides much greater contrast between the different soft tissues of the body than computed tomography (CT) does, making it especially useful in neurological (brain), musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and oncological (cancer) imaging. Unlike CT, it uses no ionizing radiation, but uses a powerful magnetic field to align the nuclear magnetization of (usually) hydrogen atoms in water in the body. Radiofrequency fields are used to systematically alter the alignment of this magnetization, causing the hydrogen nuclei to produce a rotating magnetic field detectable by the scanner. This signal can be manipulated by additional magnetic fields to build up enough information to construct an image of the body.

44. Which one is MRI? CT? CT
MRI

45. Look for the signs….

46. What are the differences between MRI and CT?
Uses magnets and radiowaves
Cannot be used on patients who have metal in their body
Slow
Uses ionizing radiation
Can be used on any patient
Fast

47. Nuclear Medicine

48. BELL WORK – November 1, 2017
List some differences between a CT and an MRI
What type of waves are used on an Ultrasound?
What is the primary specialty for the following abbreviations? R, T, NM, US and MR
Name a post-primary specialty in radiology?

49. 5 Primary Certifications
 Radiography (R)
Nuclear Medicine Technology (NM)
Radiation Therapy (T)
Sonography (US) Ultrasound or Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer (RDMS)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR)
candidates must have successfully completed a formal educational program in the respective discipline that is accredited by a mechanism acceptable to ARRT.

50. Post Primary Certifications
Mammography (M)
Computed Tomography(CT)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR) or (MRI)
Note: Both a primary and post-primary track
Quality Management (QM)
Cardiac-Interventional Radiography (CI)
Vascular-Interventional Radiography (VI)
Sonography (US) or (RDMS)
Note: Both a primary and post-primary track
Vascular Sonography (VS)
Breast Sonography (BS)
Bone Densitometry (BD)
Registered Radiologist Assistant (RA)

51. Review CT, MRI and PET

52. NUCLEAR MEDICINE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v38-I58H2Uc
Uses radioactive isotopes to produce images
Radiation comes from within the patient
Primary or Post primary certification

53. PET scan (brain)

54. Mammography

55. Mammography
Breast imaging using ionized radiation

56. Radiation Therapy
Medical dosimetrists are involved in treatment planning and dose calculations
1-4 year program

58. Radiation therapy
be.com/watch?v=t 8Q23XhqAhc

59. Radiation Therapy Radiation Therapy Involved the treatment of diseases
Use high level of ionized radiation (megavolt) to kill cancerous cells
Primary certification