1. Do Now
What is the difference between reliability and validity?

2. Unit 11: Testing and Individual Differences
Assessing Intelligence & Dynamics of Intelligence

3. Origins of Intelligence Testing
Binet – developed 1st standardized test…designed to identify French children who would have problems in regular classes
Set to find out a child’s mental age (average age of individuals who achieve a particular level of performance)
Terman – revised Binet’s test into the Stanford-Binet IQ test
Stern – derived the intelligence quotient (IQ)
IQ = mental age/chronological age x 100

4. IQ Testing Today
Weschler – Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS- III) and the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (WISC-III) are most commonly used today to assess intelligence
Both WAIS and WISC have 2 parts: verbal and performance
Achievement and Aptitude tests
Achievement: designed to determine a person’s level of knowledge
Usually concentrates on specific material or subject matter a person has learned
Aptitude: designed to predict a person’s ability to learn a new skill

5. Principles of Test Creation
Standardized: test items have been piloted on a similar population of people and “norms” have been established
Periodically tests are restandardized : given to a random, representative sample to reset/check the norms
Usually, a standardized test will form a normal curve
Reliability: extent to which the test yields dependably consistent scores
To check for reliability…retest with same or similar test, if scores are similar then test is reliable
Validity: extent to which a test actually measures what it is supposed to measure

6. Intelligence Fixed or Change over Time?
Stability with intelligence testing increases as one gets older
By age 7 scores tend t fluctuate less and become more stable and consistent

7. Low Extremes of Intellectual Ability
Mental retardation: having significantly below-average intellectual functioning and limitations in at least two areas of adaptive functioning
Causes – a variety of factors
Cure – no cures…yet are some preventative measures for certain types of MR
Varying degrees of mental retardation
Mild (50-70) – majority of all MR
Moderate (35-49)
Severe (20-34)
Profound (below 20)
Down Syndrome: intellectual disability with physical disorders as well
Cause – extra copy of chromosome 21

8. High Extreme of Intellectual Ability
Intellectually gifted: have IQ scores above
Individual who has a high IQ may not be gifted in all subjects, but in one or two
Most extensive research done was by Terman – studied 1528 students near top of IQ range into adulthood – the resulting data have taught us much about the nature of giftedness
Self- Fulfilling Prophecy: One's beliefs about other people determine how one acts towards them, and thus play a role in determining the behavior that results. Those labeled as “ungifted” may beecome so because of the label

9. Today Quiz your knowledge Assign Sections for teaching class tomorrow
Qs #5-8
Assign Sections for teaching class tomorrow
Group 1: Genetic Influences on Intelligence
Twin & Adoption Studies
Heritability
Group 2: Environmental Influences on Intelligence
Group 3: Gender Similarities/Differences in Intelligence Test Scores
Group 4: Ethnic Similarities/Differences in Intelligence Test Scores
Group 5: The Question of Bias on Intelligence Tests
Your group will need to do the following
Prepare a slide or two about your assigned topic
Include 2 m/c questions that cover your topic
You will have 20 minutes at the beginning of class to make your ppt. tomorrow
HW = Qs #9-12 & take a couple of notes about what you would like included in your group presentation