1. The Impact of the New SI on Industry Jeff Gust Chief Corporate Metrologist Fluke Corporation

2. Learning Objectives Information on the SI redefinition Approximate timeframe for redefinition Will redefinition will potentially affect your organization The role of industry in educational activities associated with the redefinition How measurements associated with the redefinition will be disseminated to industry

3. Introduction In October of 2011, the CGPM may meet to consider a proposal to address the definition of the kilogram Last of the seven base units defined in terms of a material artifact Unchanged since 1889 ampere, mole and candela all defined in terms of the kilogram

4. Draft proposal of SI revision The ground state hyperfine splitting frequency of the caesium 133 atom Δυ( 133 Cs) hfs is exactly 9 192 631 770 hertz The speed of light in vacuum c is exactly 299 792 458 metre per second The Planck constant h is exactly 6.626 06X ×10 -34 joule second The elementary charge e is exactly 1.602 17X ×10 -19 coulomb The Boltzmann constant k is exactly 1.380 6X ×10 -23 joule per kelvin The Avogadro constant N A is exactly 6.022 14X ×10 23 reciprocal mole The luminous efficacy K cd of monochromatic radiation of frequency 540 ×10 12 Hz is exactly 683 Lumen per watt The values for x are to be added on the most recent CODATA adjustments

5. Draft proposal of SI revision The SI will continue to have the seven base units The kilogram would be defined in terms of the Planck constant The ampere will be defined by the elementary charge The kelvin will be defined by the Boltzmann constant The mole will be defined in terms of the Avogadro constant

6. Questions from industry When will this happen? How much will it affect the reference values of my standards, their associated uncertainty, and any measurement processes? Who is going to help explain what these changes are, and why they are occurring, to my company and to my customers? How will the change in the SI get disseminated to my organization?

7. When is this going to happen? Probably not very soon The conditions of the 23 rd meeting of the CGPM in 2007 would have to be met –Independent experiments for Plancks constant need sufficient level of agreement in the watt balance results –One excellent experimental result for the Boltzmann constant has been performed, a second independent experiment needs to confirm CGPM meets once every four years, 2011, 2015

8. How much will it affect the reference values of my standards? In order to realize the proposed definitions it will be necessary to develop mises en pratique Example: Ampere is realized through Ohms law through the Josephson and Quantum Hall effects Because of the redefinition of h and e, and the Josephson constant is based on the ratio 2e/h, the Josephson constant will also change –The effect is approximately 19 x 10 -9 –Only seen by labs using JVS in Interlaboratory Comparisons Same for Von Klitzing constant, based on h/e 2 –The effect is approximately 22 x 10 -9 –Only seen by organizations that send their best resistors to NMIs The effect for Mass not known yet, anticipated to be a few parts in 10 8 –Only seen at best NMI to industry interactions

9. How much will it affect the reference values of my standards? The mole moves from the kilogram to Avogadro constant –Not anticipated to change by more than few parts in 10 9 The Candela is defined in W/sr, tied to kilogram, same shift as for kilogram applies Kelvin moves from Triple Point of Water (TPW) to Boltzmann constant –Once definition changes, TPW becomes a quantity to be determined experimentally –Boltzmann constant has 1 x 10 -6 uncertainty, which is approximately 0.25 mK –Most industry and NMI uncertainty for TPW is less than 0.1 mK –No present solution, but possibly can be added as a covariant term that drops out

10. It would be beneficial if the CIPM and NMIs partner with industry to develop educational materials at appropriate levels of complexity Two potential candidates from industry would be NCSLI and Fluke Fluke played a critical role in the latest Boltzmann project to determine the constant by dielectric constant gas thermometry Who is going to help explain what these changes are?

11. Fluke has a history of addressing these type of issues 1990 volt shifted 9.264 x 10 -6 and ohm shifted 1.69 x 10 -6 Volt shift was approximately 100% of the 1 year specification of the Fluke 5700A Fluke Application note was developed to communicate the change Who is going to help explain what these changes are?

12. One possible method of outreach is through social media Who is going to help explain what these changes are?

13. NCSLI could be a major contributor in education and outreach on the subject In 1989, NCSL formed Technical Advisory Group 91.4.1 to address the 1990 Volt and ohm changes Membership from various sections of NCSL The committee developed a document on practical guidance for implementation of the changes, and sent speakers out around the U.S. NCSL meetings to provide a forum for Q and A

14. How will the change in the SI get disseminated to my organization? Needs to be a planned activity Educational activities should help organizations identify if they are affected Dissemination activities could be classified as: –Organizations that perform calibration services whose reference value and uncertainty are affected by redefinition (Traceability Provider) –Organizations that own and utilize devices whose reference values and uncertainty would be affected by redefinition (Traceability User) Users need to coordinate with Providers Providers may be able to start providing redefined calibrations before the effective date Reports would clearly need to indicate which definition was used

15. How will the change in the SI get disseminated to my organization? Example – the SI 1990 logo was developed by NCSL for use on equipment and reports performed under the new definition

16. Conclusion Redefinition is probably not imminent As we progress towards redefinition, it will be important to consider the repercussions of new definitions and mises en pratique Plans must be developed and executed in order to educate and disseminate knowledge