1. Energy from the Sun
The Sun’s energy gives us heat through conduction, convection, radiation
The Sun’s energy also gives us light through electromagnetic radiation

2. The Sun’s core is 15 million °C (27 million degrees ° F )
How hot is the Sun?
The Sun’s core is 15 million °C
(27 million degrees ° F )

3. How does the sun produce energy?
The sun is made entirely of gas
The Sun produces energy through a process called nuclear fusion - in this process, hydrogen atoms are fused together to make helium atoms

4. Nuclear Fusion
Nuclear fusion is the combination of two lighter atoms into a larger one.
Helium Atom (2 protons)
Hydrogen Atom (1 proton)
Hydrogen Atom (1 proton)
H+ + H+ = He++ + Energy

5. Nuclear Fission U= Kr + Ba + Energy
Nuclear fission is the division of one atom into 2 atoms. This releases a very large amount of energy -> FISSION IS DIVISIO
Example: 1 atom of a Uranium isotope will split into Krypton and Barium atoms
2 atoms
1 atom
U= Kr + Ba + Energy

6. Nuclear Fission vs Fusion

7. Heat Thermal energy is created by the movement of atoms or molecules
What is heat? Heat is the result of thermal energy being transferred between atoms or molecules
Where does heat come from? Heat is generated because of differences in the energy of atoms or molecules
The faster these particles move, the more heat is generated

8. Heat=Energy Transfer Heat is created when energy is transferred.
There are 3 methods of energy transfer:
Conduction- energy is transferred when molecules from one object collide with molecules of another object
Convection- energy is transferred by circulation with in fluids and air
Radiation- energy is transferred by waves of electromagnetic energy
Unlike conduction, waves of radiation can travel through space
Heat travels from high energy to low energy

9. Radiant Energy= Radiation
All objects, regardless of temperature, emit radiant energy
If an object is hot, it will emit more total energy than a colder object
Hotter objects produce short wavelengths
Colder objects produce long wavelengths

10. Temperature is a measurement of energy

11. Light from the Sun Light from the sun travels in waves of radiation.
We call these radiation waves Electromagnetic Waves

12. Waves of Radiation
Electromagnetic radiation includes 6 major Electromagnetic Waves
Gamma Rays
X-Rays
Ultraviolet Rays
Visible light
Infrared Rays
Radio Waves

13. Electromagnetic Spectrum
The waves are arranged according to the length of their wave and frequency
Gamma Rays
X-Rays
Ultraviolet Rays
Visible light
Infrared Rays
Radio Waves

14. What happens after radiation is emitted from an object?
An object will:
Absorb radiation
Transmit radiation
Scatter radiation
Reflect radiation
If an object is good at absorbing radiation, it is also good at emitting radiation

15. Earth’s Atmosphere
Size= Earth’s atmosphere begins on Earth’s surface and extends about 600 miles upward.
Composition=Our atmosphere is made of a mixture of gassy elements, water vapor, and tiny solid particles
Most of the gases exist between miles of Earth’s surface
Layers= The atmosphere is made up of 4
major layers and each layer is divided by
temperature.

16. Composition- original gases
The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is Nitrogen at 78%
Oxygen makes up 21% of our atmosphere
Carbon Dioxide, Argon, and other gases exist in small amounts
The amount of gases decrease and the atmosphere thins as you travel away from the surface

17. Composition Around 4 billion years ago, Earth had no atmosphere.
Our surface was covered with volcanoes that released gases during eruptions

18. Composition- Oxygen Oxygen is new in our atmosphere!
Oxygen in our atmosphere is the result of plants and algae making food by photosynthesis
Plants combine carbon dioxide (CO2) and radiation from the Sun to make their food.
During the photosynthesis (food making process), oxygen is released.

19. Layers- Height Our atmosphere has 4 major layers and 1 minor layer
Troposphere- 0-6 miles
Stratosphere-6-30 miles
Ozone Layer
Mesosphere – miles
Thermosphere- 50+ miles

20. Layers- Temperature Each layers is divided vertically by temperature
Troposphere- temp with height
Stratosphere-temp with height
Mesosphere – temp with height
Thermosphere- temp with height

21. Layers- Ozone Layer Within the stratosphere is the ozone layer.
This is a group of ozone gas molecules (O3) that absorb harmful UV (ultraviolet) radiation waves from the sun.
If ozone did not absorb and filter UV radiation, many living organisms could not survive on Earth