1. Consciousness
Chapter 4

2. Consciousness
Your awareness of everything that is going on around you inside your own head at any given moment, walking or sleeping, which you use to organize your behavior, including thoughts, sensations, and feelings

3. Different types of consciousness
Walking consciousness – thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear and organized, and they feel alert.
Altered state of consciousness – there is a shift in the quality or pattern of your mental activity
Fuzzy, disorganized, feel less alert
Driving to school and wondering how you got there? Thinking about the day ahead, perhaps

4. Altered state of consciousness
Dangerous
Texting and driving, driving and talking on the phone
Drinking and driving
Other states: drugs, daydreaming, hypnotized, meditating, and the most common - sleep

5. Processing conscious information
Explicit Processing – aware of your thought process and are focusing your full attention on the task at hand
Ex: testing
Implicit Processing – processing that happens without conscious awareness – automatic
Ex: walking

6. Biological Rhythms
Natural cycles of activity that the body must go through
Ex: rise and fall of blood pressure, body temperatures
Most common is the sleep-wake cycle

7. Circadian Rhythm Circa (about) diem (day) “about a day”
Need to complete at least once every 24-hour period

8. Microsleeps Brief sidesteps into sleep lasting only seconds
Rats on a wheel
What happens when you miss sleep?
Hell Week video

9. Sleep Deprivation Loss of sleep
Trying to make up for sleep on the weekends “sleep debt”
Staying up late for a test actually decreases scores, a good nights sleep is more important for memory consolidation
Symptoms: trembling hands, inattention, staring off into space, droopy eyelids, general discomfort, depression
Class Demonstration 112

10. What do we need sleep for?
Adaptive theory – states that sleep is a product of evolution to avoid predators during normal hunting times
Restorative theory – states that sleep is necessary for the physical health of the body

11. What kind of sleep is there?
REM (rapid eye movement) – stage of sleep in which the eyes move rapidly under the eyelids and the person is typically experiencing a dream
non-REM (NREM) sleep – any of the stages of sleep that do not include REM

12. Sleep waves Beta waves – wide awake Alpha waves – drowsy
Theta waves – slower, larger waves
Delta waves – deepest, slowest waves
video

13. Which is more important?
After a physically demanding day, people tend to spend more time in NREM sleep
After a emotionally stressful day people need more REM sleep
REM rebound – experience greatly increased amounts of REM after being deprived

14. Sleep Disorders
Sleepwalking (somnambulism) – typically occurs during Stages Three and Four sleep. 20 % of the population, partially due to heredity, more common in childhood and boys

15. Sleep Disorders Nightmares – bad dreams, lessen over time
REM behavior disorder – Get up and act out nightmares
Night Terrors – Rare, found in children, during Stage Four sleep, sit up and scream, run around the room, sweat profusely and unable to breath
video
Read page 117

16. Sleep Disorders
Insomnia – the inability to sleep – inability to get to sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep
Psychological and physiological
Worrying, trying too hard to sleep, anxiety
Too much caffeine, indigestion, aches or pains

17. Ways to break insomnia 1. Go to bed only when you are sleepy
2. Use your bed only for sleep, not studying or watching TV
3. Don’t try too hard to get to sleep, and especially do not look at the clock and calculate how much sleep you aren't getting
4. Keep to a regular schedule. Go to bed at the same time and get up at the same time
5. No caffeinated drinks or foods
6. TCOB during the day so you don’t have to at night

18. Sleep Disorders
Sleep apnea – person stops breathing for nearly half a minute or more.
Do not get a good nights sleep
Narcolepsy – “sleep seizure” – person slips suddenly into REM sleep during the day. Falling asleep throughout the day at inappropriate times and inappropriate places.
Chart on page 119 – sleep disorders
videos

19. Sigmund Freud’s Dream Fulfillment
Problems of his patients stemmed from conflicts and events that had been buried in their unconscious minds
Manifest content – the dream itself
Latent content – expressed through symbols
Ex: climbing over a fence/life

20. What do people dream about?
Men usually dream about more aggressive things while women usually dream about past and people they know

21. Are you sleep deprived?
Page 120
Discuss
Practice quiz - 122

22. Meditation and Hypnosis
Meditation – a mental series of exercises meant to refocus attention and achieve a trancelike state of consciousness.
Can use to cope with stressful situations

23. Concentrative Meditation
Goal is to focus the mind on some repetitive or unchanging stimulus
Relaxes you and lowers blood pressure
Use in a classroom before a big test

24. Receptive Meditation Expand consciousness outward
Being awed by a starry night

25. Hypnosis
A state of consciousness in which a person is especially susceptible to suggestion

26. 4 steps of hypnosis
1. Hypnotist tells the person to focus on what is being said
2. Person is told to relax and feel tired
3. Hypnotist tells the person to “let go” and accept suggestions easily
4. Person is told to use vivid imagination

27. Hypnosis Only 80% can be hypnotized, and only 40% are good subjects
If you fantasize a lot, dream a lot, imagine a lot, or really get into what you do, you may be more subjective to hypnosis than other people

28. DRUGS!
Psychoactive drugs – alter thinking, perception, memory, or some combination of those abilities
Useful and originally designed to help people
Also, very dangerous, create either a physical or psychological dependence, or the worst – drug overdose

29. DRUGS!
In this section, we will look at the four major drug categories:
Stimulants – amphetamines, cocaine, nicotine, caffeine
Depressants – barbiturates, benzodiazepines, alcohol
Narcotics – Opium, morphine, heroin
Hallucinogenic – LSD, PCP, ecstasy, mescaline, psilocybin, marijuana

30. TEACH Where does it come from? What does it do to the body?
What part of the brain/body does it affect?
What happens if used?
Picture
Nicknames?
Is it physically addictive?

31. Effects
Physical dependence – addicted, cannot function normally without the drug
Person may experience WITHDRAWS - symptoms experienced when without the drug – headache, nausea, irritability, severe pain, cramping, shaking, and high blood pressure

32. Dependence
Psychological dependence – belief that the drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological well-being
They think they need it
Is America drug dependent? Either legally or illegally
Practice quiz 134