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Client-Side Web Application Development with JavaScript
ISYS 350
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Types of Web pages Static page: Dynamic page
The contents of a web page is predefined by HTML tags and other mark up languages. Example: david chao’s home page. Dynamic page A web page includes contents produced by a programming language when the page is opened.
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Technologies for Creating Dynamic Pages
Client-side technology HTML Browser Document Object Model (DOM) JavaScript Cascade Style Sheet, CSS Server-side technology Microsoft .Net Java PHP Others: Node.js, a server-side JavaScript
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Example of Client-side Page using HTML, DOM and JavaScript
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HTML Introduction History: Standard HTML 5: <!DOCTYPE html>
Standard The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) HTML 5: <!DOCTYPE html> Multimedia controls Video, audio, canvas Controls with build-in validation
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Online Resources for Learning HTML
w3schools.com
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HTML Tags (Elements) Heading section Body section
<head>, <title>, <meta>, <script>, etc. Body section <body>, <div>, <p>, <h1> to <h6>, <a>, <br> Formatting: <b>, <I>, <u>, <center> Comment: <!-- comment --> List <ul> Image Table: <table>, <tr>: a new row in table, <td>: a new cell in a table row. Form: <form>, <input>, <select>
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HTML Attributes (Properties)
HTML elements can have attributes that provide additional information about an element. Attributes are always specified in the start tag Attributes come in name/value pairs like: name="value“ Name and value are case-sensitive and lowercase is recommended. Examples: <form id=“tf” name="testForm"> <div id="content"> <h1 class="center"> <img src="w3schools.jpg" alt="W3Schools.com" width="104" height="142">
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FORM Tag For server-side form: Client-side form attributes:
name: Form’s name, id For server-side form: action: Specify the URL of a program on a server or an address to which a form’s data will be submitted. method: Get: the form’s data is appended to the URL specified by the Action attribute as a QueryString. Post: A preferred method for database processing. Form’s data is sent in the HTTP body.
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A form may contains: Textbox Check box Listbox Radiobutton Button Etc.
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Adding HTML Controls Tools/Palette/HTML, JSPCode Clips
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Creating HTML Form: Double-click Form element
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Create a Form Using NetBeans
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Step by Step 7. Add <br> to start a new line 1. Add a form tag:
Name property Action: server-side program; leave it blank for client-side 2. Add lables by typing 3. Add text input 4. Add dropdown list: Number of options 5. Add radiobutton Buttons of a group share the same Group Name 6. Add button Lable Type: Standard – client-side form to call a client-side click event procedure Submit – for server-side form to submit to a server 7. Add <br> to start a new line
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Dropdown List Example <select name="Rate">
<option value=.04>4%</option> <option value=045>4.5%</option> <option value=.05 >5%</option> <option value=.055>5.5%</option> <option value=.06>6%</option> </select>
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RadioButton Example: RadioButtons having the same name belong to one group
<input type="radio" name="Year" value=10 />10 year<<br> <input type="radio" name="Year" value=15 />15 year<br> <input type="radio" name="Year" value=30 />30 year<br>
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Note: We can assign an id to a HTML tag (element).
<form name="fvForm" > Enter PV: <input id='PV' type="text" name="PV" value="" /><br> Select Rate: <select name="Rate"> <option value=0.04>4%</option> <option value=0.045>4.5%</option> <option value=0.05>5%</option> <option value=0.055>5.5%</option> <option value=0.06>6%</option> <option value=0.065>6.5%</option> <option value=0.07>7%</option> </select><br> Select Year: <br> <input type="radio" name="Year" value=10 />10 year<br> <input type="radio" name="Year" value=15 />15 year<br> <input type="radio" name="Year" value=30 />30 year<br> <br> Future Value: <input type="text" name="FV" /> <input type="button" value="ComputeFV" name="btnCompute" onClick="ComputeFV()" /> </form> Note: We can assign an id to a HTML tag (element).
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HTML Tags and Events http://www. w3schools
Button, Radio button, check box: click event Others: Link <a> </a>: click, mouseOver, mouseOut Area <area>: mouseOver, mouseOut Body <body>: blur, error, focus, load, unload Form: submit, reset Textbox, Text area: blur, focus, change, select List: blur, focus, change
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Event Handler Execute one statement:
Event handler name: on + event name Ex. onclick Calling a handler: onclick="CompSumJS()“ Execute one statement: onclick="window.alert('you click me')" Note: single quote/double quote
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Example of Event Handler
<script > function showSum(){ num1=parseFloat(window.prompt("Enter Num1: ")); num2=parseFloat(window.prompt("Enter Num2: ")); sum=num1+num2; window.alert("The sum is: " + sum.toString()); } </script> </head> <body> <form name="testText"> <input type="button" value="showTest" name="btnTest" onclick="showSum()"/> </form> </body>
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Browser Object Model http://w3schools.com/jsref/default.asp
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Window Object The Window object represents a Web browser window. Methods: window.open (“url”, “name”, Options) Options: menubar=no, status=no, toolbar=no, etc. window.close window.alert(“string”) Similar to C# messageBox.Show(“string”) window.prompt(“string”) present an input box for use to enter data Try statements at:
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Document Object The document object represents the actual web page within the window. Properties: background, bgColor, fgColor, title, url, lastModified, domain, referrer, cookie, linkColor, etc. Ex. document.bgColor=“silver”; Method: The write() method writes HTML expressions or JavaScript code to a document. EX. document.write("<h1>Hello World!</h1><p>Have a nice day!</p>");
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Navigator Object The navigator object provides information about the browser. Properties: Navigator.appName:browser name Navigator.appCodeName: browser code name Navigator.appVersion Navigator.platform: the operating system in use.
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Location Object To reload a page:
Allows you to change to a new web page from within a script code. To reload a page: location.reload() To open a page: Assign() Ex. location.assign(URL)
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History Object Maintain a history list of all the documents that have been opened during current session. Methods: history.back() history.forward() history.go(): ex. History.go(-2)
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Use document object to access data entered on a form
Using the future value form as an example: Form name: fvForm Textbox name: PV Dropdown list: Rate Radiobutton group name: Year
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Accessing data entered on a form
Textbox: document.fvForm.PV.value Dropdown list: document.fvForm.Rate.options[document.fvForm.Rate.selectedIndex].value Radiobuttons: if (document.fvForm.Year[0].checked) {myYear=10;} else if (document.fvForm.Year[1].checked) {myYear=15;} else {myYear=30;}
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CheckBox document.LoanForm.checkBox1.checked
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Alternative way using the id attribute
document.getElementById("PV").value
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JavaScript Reference
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Client Side Script <script> …… ..statements </script>
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JavaScript Variable Declaration
var intrate, term, amount; Data Type: Variant - a variable’s data type is determined when it is initialized to its first value. Variable scope: Local: Variables declared in a function or procedure. Global: Variables declared in the heading section, but not in a function or procedure. Variable name is case-sensitive. Note: We can use a variable without declare it.
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Statements Statements: Comments: End with “;” Block of code: { }
Single-line comment: //comment Block comment: /* comment comment */
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Arrays var arrayName = new Array(array size);
var Pet = new Array(2); Pet[0]=“dog”; Pet[1]=“cat”; Pet[2]=“bird”; Note: Optionally, it is not require to declare array size. var names=new Array(); names[0]="peter"; names[1]="paul"; names[2]="mary";
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Operators Arithmetic operators: Comparison operators:
+, -, *, / Math.pow(x,y), etc. Math is an object with many methods such as round(x), random(), sqrt(x), ceil(x), floor(x), etc. Note: “pow” has a lowercase p. Comparison operators: = = , !=, <, >, <=, >= Logical operators: &&, ||, !
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Formula to Expression Math.pow(A,B) Math.pow(X/Y,A/B)
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IF Statements if (document.fvForm.Year[0].checked) {myYear=10;}
JS: if (condition) { statements; } else { if (document.fvForm.Year[0].checked) {myYear=10;} else if (document.fvForm.Year[1].checked) {myYear=15;} else {myYear=30;}
![IF Statements if (document.fvForm.Year[0].checked) {myYear=10;}](http://slideplayer.com/slide/14060505/86/images/38/IF+Statements+if+%28document.fvForm.Year%5B0%5D.checked%29+%7BmyYear%3D10%3B%7D.jpg "JS: if (condition) { statements; } else { if (document.fvForm.Year[0].checked) {myYear=10;} else if (document.fvForm.Year[1].checked) {myYear=15;} else. {myYear=30;}")
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Switch Case Statements
switch(varable name) { case value1: statements; break; case value2: … default: }
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Loop Structures while (condition) { statements; }
for (var I = 0; I<5;I=I+1) Note: Use Break statement to exit loop earlier. Ex. break ; //lowercase “b”
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JavaScript’s Conversion Functions
parseFloat:for conversion to a floating-point number: Ex. parseFloat('77.3') -> 77.3 parseInt: for string-to-integer conversion Ex. parseInt('123.45') -> 123 toString(), toFixed(n) example: Price=5; Qty=10; Amount=Price*Qty; window.alert (Amount.toString()); window.alert (Amount.toFixed(2)); //Show 2 decimals eval strVar = “5”; numVar = eval(strVar)
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Try Catch try { //Run some code here } catch(err) //Handle errors here
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window. prompt: present an input box for use to enter data window
window.prompt: present an input box for use to enter data window.alert: like MessageBox function showSum(){ num1=parseFloat(window.prompt("Enter Num1: ")); num2=parseFloat(window.prompt("Enter Num2: ")); sum=num1+num2; window.alert("The sum is: " + eval(num1+num2)); window.alert("The sum is: " + sum); }
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JavaScript Functions Defining functions
function functionName(arg1,..,argN){ Statements; return valueToReturn; } Note: 1. The arguments are optional. 2. The return statement is optional. A JavaScriopt function is not required to return a value. 3. Typically the JavaScript functions are embedded in the <head> section.
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Example: JavaScript to Compute the sum of two values
function computeSum(){ n1=document.sumForm.num1.value; n2=document.sumForm.num2.value; document.sumForm.sum.value=eval(n1)+eval(n2); //document.sumForm.sum.value=parseFloat(n1)+parseFloat(n2); } </script> </head> <body> <form name="sumForm"> Enter Num1: <input type="text" name="num1" id="num1" required /><br><br> Enter Num2: <input type="text" name="num2" id="num2" value="" /><br><br> Sum: <input type="text" name="sum" id="sum" value="" /><br><br> <input type="button" value="Compute Sum" name="btnCompute" onclick="computeSum()" /> </form> </body>
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JavaScript to compute the future value
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Note: We can assign an id to a HTML tag (element).
<form name="fvForm" action=""> Enter PV: <input id='PV' type="text" name="PV" value="" /><br> Select Rate: <select name="Rate"> <option value=0.04>4%</option> <option value=0.045>4.5%</option> <option value=0.05>5%</option> <option value=0.055>5.5%</option> <option value=0.06>6%</option> <option value=0.065>6.5%</option> <option value=0.07>7%</option> </select><br> Select Year: <br> <input type="radio" name="Year" value=10 />10 year<br> <input type="radio" name="Year" value=15 />15 year<br> <input type="radio" name="Year" value=30 />30 year<br> <br> Future Value: <input type="text" name="FV" /> <input type="button" value="ComputeFV" name="btnCompute" onClick="ComputeFV()" /> </form> Note: We can assign an id to a HTML tag (element).
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Code Example <script> function ComputeFV(){
//myPV=eval(document.fvForm.PV.value); myPV=parseFloat(document.fvForm.PV.value); //myRate=eval(document.fvForm.Rate.options[document.fvForm.Rate.selectedIndex].value); myRate=parseFloat(document.fvForm.Rate.options[document.fvForm.Rate.selectedIndex].value); if (document.fvForm.Year[0].checked) {myYear=10;} else if (document.fvForm.Year[1].checked) {myYear=15;} else {myYear=30;} fv=myPV*Math.pow(1+myRate,myYear); document.fvForm.FV.value=fv.toString(); //document.fvForm.FV.value="$" + fv.toFixed(2); } </script> Note: To show currency format: "$" + fv.toFixed(2)
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Using document.getElementById
<form name="fvForm" action=""> Enter PV: <input type="text" id="PV" name="PV" value="" /><br> Select Rate: <select name="Rate" id="Rate"> <option value=0.04>4%</option> <option value=0.045>4.5%</option> <option value=0.05>5%</option> <option value=0.055>5.5%</option> <option value=0.06>6%</option> <option value=0.065>6.5%</option> <option value=0.07>7%</option> </select><br> Select Year: <br> <input type="radio" name="Year" id="Year10" value=10 />10 year<br> <input type="radio" name="Year" id="Year15" value=15 />15 year<br> <input type="radio" name="Year" id="Year30" value=30 />30 year<br> <br> Future Value: <input type="text" id="FV" name="FV" /> <input type="button" value="ComputeFV" name="btnCompute" onClick="ComputeFV()" /> <br><br> <input type="button" value="Compute Using ById" name="btnComputeID" onclick="ComputeFVID()"/> </form>
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<script> function ComputeFV(){ //myPV=eval(document.fvForm.PV.value); myPV=parseFloat(document.getElementById("PV").value); myRate=parseFloat(document.getElementById("Rate").value); if (document.getElementById("Year10").checked) {myYear=10;} else if (document.getElementById("Year15").checked) {myYear=15;} else {myYear=30;} fv=myPV*Math.pow(1+myRate,myYear); document.getElementById("FV").value=fv.toString(); //document.fvForm.FV.value=fv.toString(); } </script>
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Embed JavaScript Code within <body>
Compute and display result with a control Use document.write to add dynamic content <body> The current date and time is: <input type="text" name="txtTime" value="" size="60" id="timeBox"/><br><br> <script> document.getElementById("timeBox").value = Date(); document.write("The current date and time is:" + Date()); </script> </body>
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Years to Reach Goal
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Form Code <form name="testForm">
PV: <input type="text" name="PV" value="" /><br><br> Rate: <input type="text" name="Rate" value="" /><br><br> Goal: <input type="text" name="Goal" value="" /><br><br> Year: <input type="text" name="Year" value="" /><br><br> <input type="button" value="Compute Year" name="btnCompute" onclick="ComputeYear()" /> </form>
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Using while loop function ComputeYear(){
pv=eval(document.testForm.PV.value); rate=eval(document.testForm.Rate.value); goal=eval(document.testForm.Goal.value); year=0; fv=pv; while (fv<goal) { year=year+1; fv=pv*Math.pow(1+rate,year); } document.testForm.Year.value=year;
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Code Example <script> function ComputeYear(){
pv=eval(document.testForm.PV.value); rate=eval(document.testForm.Rate.value); goal=eval(document.testForm.Goal.value); for (i=0; true; ++i){ fv=pv*Math.pow(1+rate,i); if(fv>=goal){ document.testForm.Year.value=i; break; } </script>
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Working with Table Straight Line Depreciation Table
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TABLE Tag example <table id="depTable" border="1" width="400">
<thead> <tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Value at BeginYr</th> <th>Dep During Yr</th> <th>Total to EndOfYr</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <td>1</td> <td>2000</td> <td>400</td> </tbody> </table>
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HTML Table Tag <Table> : id and name attributes
<thead>: Table Heading section <tr>: new row <th>: column heading <tbody>: data rows
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HTML Form Code <body> Straight Line Depreciation Table
<form name="depForm"> Enter Property Value: <input type="text" name="pValue" value="" /><br> Enter Property Life: <input type="text" name="pLife" value="" /><br> <input type="button" value="Show Table" name="btnShowTable" onclick="showTable()" /> </form> <table id="depTable" border="1" width="400" cellspacing="1"> <thead> <tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Value at BeginYr</th> <th>Dep During Yr</th> <th>Total to EndOfYr</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> </tbody> </table> </body>
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Table/Row/Cell Object
Table object: Properties: rows: collection of data rows (including the header row) rows.length: number of rows 0-based index Methods: InsertRow(index) deleteRow(index) Data Row object method: insertCell(index) Cell object: innerHTML property: cell’s data
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HTML element’s innerHTML property
Each HTML element has an innerHTML property that defines both the HTML code and the text that occurs between that element's opening and closing tag. By changing an element's innerHTML after some user interaction, you can make much more interactive pages. Assigning a value: document.getElementById(“p”).innerHTML = 5;
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function showTable(){
value=eval(document.depForm.pValue.value); life=eval(document.depForm.pLife.value); depreciation = value / life; var table = document.getElementById('depTable'); var totalDepreciation=0; for(var i = table.rows.length - 1; i > 0; i--) { table.deleteRow(i); } for (count = 1; count <= life; count++) var rowCount = table.rows.length; var row = table.insertRow(rowCount); var cell0 = row.insertCell(0); cell0.innerHTML=count; var cell1 = row.insertCell(1); cell1.innerHTML="$" + value.toFixed(2); var cell2 = row.insertCell(2); cell2.innerHTML="$" + depreciation.toFixed(2); totalDepreciation += depreciation; var cell3 = row.insertCell(3); cell3.innerHTML="$" + totalDepreciation.toFixed(2); value -= depreciation;
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Validating Data: The property value and life boxes cannot be blank
<script > function Validating(){ var Valid; Valid=true; if (document.depForm.pValue.value=="" ||document.depForm.pLife.value=="") {Valid=false;} if (Valid==false) {alert("Property value or life cannot contain blank");} else {showTable();} } </script> Note: the button’s onClick event will call the Validating function: <input type="button" value="Show Table" name="btnShowTable" onclick="Validating()" />
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Useful function for Validation
isNaN(): The isNaN() function determines whether a value is an illegal number (Not-a-Number). This function returns true if the value is NaN, and false if not.
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isNaN example function Validating(){ var Valid, Valid2; Valid=true;
if (document.depForm.pValue.value=="" ||document.depForm.pLife.value=="") {Valid=false;} if (isNaN(document.depForm.pValue.value) ||isNaN(document.depForm.pLife.value)) {Valid2=false;} if (Valid==false) {alert("Property value or life cannot contain blank");} if (Valid2==false) {alert("Enter digits only");} if (Valid && Valid2) { showTable(); }
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Array and document.write demo
<form name="fvForm"> Enter PV: <input type="text" id ="PV" name="PV" value="" size="10" /><br> <script> rateValues=[.04,.05,.06,.07,.08]; rateDisplay=["4%","5%","6%","7%","8%"]; document.write("<select name='Rate' id='Rate'>"); for (i=0;i<=rateValues.length-1;i++) { document.write("<option value='"+ rateValues[i] + "'>" + rateDisplay[i]+"</option>"); } document.write("</select><br>"); </script> Select Year: <br> <input type="radio" name="Year" value=10 id="Year10" />10 year<br> <input type="radio" name="Year" value=15 id="Year15" />15 year<br> <input type="radio" name="Year" value=30 id="Year30" />30 year<br> <br> Future Value: <input type="text" name="FV" id="FV" /> <input type="button" value="ComputeFV" name="btnCompute" onClick="ComputeFV()" /> </form>
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