1. European Expansion
The era of the Renaissance and Reformation was accompanied by the emergence of a modern capitalist economy and an age of exploration and expansion.

2. Read the Docs and Answer the Following…. Be ready to discuss
To what extent as the Western World motivated by material forces to explore the globe?
What material factors inspired Western Europeans to search for new lands and peoples?
In what sense was the voyage of Columbus a continuation of the medieval crusades?
Why did Europeans and not non-Europeans take the leadership in the Age of Discovery?
Why was the non-European less concerned with exploring the world around him?

3. Revival of Capitalism Decline of Capitalism in Middle Ages
Economic-self sufficiency
Growth of Trade
Italian city-states
Northern Europe- Hanseatic League on North and Baltic Sea
London
Paris
Amsterdam
Antwerp
Bruges
Banking
Growth of trade- over course of middle ages a change occurred in the economy of Western Europe
Manorial system decaying
Trade increased and towns grew in number and size – crusades contributed significantly to revival of trade
Italy – city states benefited most
Banking as economic activity increased, so did demands for capital- Medici family, Fugger family of Augsburg

4. Beginning of European Exploration
Began to look outwards and explore unknown coasts in search of trade and wealth
Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal ( )
Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain- Columbus
Elizabeth I of England
Treaty of Tordesillas in Spain and Portugal
Portuguese Bartolomeu Dias ( ) rounded the Cape of Good Hope- Southern tip of Africa in 1487
Vasco DaGama reached India in late 1490s
Columbus made voyages to the Caribbean beginning in 1492
Magellan circumnavigated the globe
Cortes- Aztec empire in Mexico
Pizzaro – Incan Empire 1531
English first settlement- Jamestown in 1607

5. Causes of European Exploration
Monarchs desire to expand territory and income
Merchants sought trade routes to India and China to avoid middlemen in the Middle East- especially after 1453
Renaissance ideas fostered a spirit of inquiry and adventure- encouraged pursuit of individual goals and fame
New Technology in construction and operation of sailing ships
Adventurers sought fame and fortune
Missionaries sought to convert non-Christians

6. Religious Motivations
Economic Motivations
Religious Motivations
Rise of Ottoman Empire
Loss of Overland Route

7. Outcomes of First Wave of European Imperialism
Immense influx of commodities- precious metals and spices, silk, tea, coffee, chocolate, tobacco, and porcelain
Rise of the slave trade between Africa and the Americas
Prices rise in Europe- vast amounts of new gold and silver
Great new understanding of geography and shape of world- sea becomes a highway
Commercial Revolution – changes in investment and production- rise of domestic system- new industries, new banking practices

8. Outcomes of First Wave of European Imperialism
Rise of the East India Companies 1600 onwards
Mercantilism
Export more than you import
Trade as much as possible with colonies, take raw materials and export manufactured goods
State sponsors of manufacturing ventures
Accumulate as much gold and silver as possible
Object was to increase government revenue by increasing national wealth

9. Outcomes of First Wave of European Imperialism
Encounters with unknown cultures
Columbian Exchange
Promotion of capitalism
Rise of the Atlantic World of trade, war, emigration, and ideas including Africa, the Americas, and Europe

10. of the Age of Exploration
The Legacy
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