1. Spanish America and Brazil

2. Spain’s New World
Empire

3. State and Church Spanish America expanded rapidly after 1492
Portugal controlled Brazilian coast by 1600
Colonial administration was based on the European model
Spanish Council of the Indies replaced conquistadors
Distance from Europe meant viceroys had a degree of independence

4. Catholic Church pursued conversion (religion, language, culture)
Native resistance, depopulation meant that the Church became an urban institution (schools, universities)

5. Colonial Economies
American gold, silver, sugar financed European global domination
1st labor systems (encomienda, mita) est. w/Amerindian labor
Over time, African slave trade became more important

6. Colonial Society
European immigrants exerted disproportionate control (Peninsulares, creoles)
“Indian” became a racial signifier
Mestizos and mulattoes-mixed ancestry
Those w/African ancestry barred from privileged positions by 1600

8. English and French
Colonies in North America

9. English Motivations Find NW Passage to Asia Rival Spanish
Source of raw materials, export market
First English colony (Roanoke, 1587) failed
Roanoke Island-The “Lost Colony”

10. Southern Colonies VA Company- est. 1606 Jamestown Colony- f. 1607
New colony struggled to survive (disease, location, etc.)

11. Intro. of tobacco saved colony-required indentured servants, later slaves
Other S. colonies (MD, NC, SC, GA) also had plantation economies (tobacco, indigo, rice) and therefore slavery

12. Middle Atlantic Colonies
English captured New Amsterdam-1664 (renamed NY)
New colony linked NE and S
NJ-accommodated expanding pop.
PA-haven for Quakers
Economy-trade, farming

13. New England Colonies
1st colonies (Plymouth, MA Bay) est. by Puritans escaping persecution
Economy-based on trade and farming
Other NE colonies (NH, CT, RI) founded due to expan. From MA

14. New France
Cartier-claimed land around the St. Lawrence River for France in 1534
Champlain-founded Quebec as 1st Fr. colony in the New World in 1608
Economy depended on fur trade
French missionaries would spread Catholicism (Jesuits)