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Organs and Organ Systems
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Organs Organ: an organized group of tissues that perform a specific function It is important to keep our organs healthy and functioning properly When an organ isn’t working properly because of disease or injury we sometimes can transplant a healthy or part of an organ from a donor Often transplanted: Kidney Liver Lungs Heart
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Animal Organs Skin Lung Heart Esophagus Stomach Intestines
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Plant Organs Roots: Leaf: Anchor plant in the soil
Collect water from surrounding soil and transport it to the stem Store food that is made in other parts of the plant Many different tissues: epidermal (root cap), meristematic tissue, ground tissue and vascular tissue (centre of root) Leaf: Tissues in leaf work together to perform photosynthesis Vascular tissue transports water up to leaf and takes away sugars produced Mostly made up of specialized ground tissue - mesophyll
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Plant Organs Stem: Two major functions
Transports water and nutrients throughout plant Supports leaves and flowers Tissues: epidermal, ground tissue, vascular Flower Reproductive structure of the plant – produces seeds
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Organ Systems Organ System: consists of a group of organs that work together to carry out specific duties in the body.
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Animal Organ Systems Biologists categorize organ systems according to their main functions There are 11 main organ systems in the human body
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Integumentary System Organs Involved: skin, hair, nails, glands
Basic Functions: Covers and protects body Glands help control body temperature
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Skeletal System Organs Involved: bones, cartilage Basic Functions:
Supports body Allows movement Protects the body
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Muscular System Organs Involved:
skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, tendons, ligaments Basic Functions: Works with skeletal system to provide movement Moves materials within body
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Digestive System Organs Involved:
mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, gall bladder, liver, intestines, rectum Basic Functions: Ingestion Digestion Absorption of nutrients Elimination of solid wastes
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Respiratory System Organs Involved:
nose, mouth, trachea, lungs, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, diaphragm Basic Function: Exchange of gases
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Circulatory System Organs Involved: heart, blood vessels, blood
Basic Functions: Transportation of materials (such as oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and wastes) within body
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Nervous System Organs Involved: brain, nerves, spinal cord
Basic Functions: Controls body functions Coordinates responses and activities
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Endocrine System Organs Involved:
glands (pituitary, hypothalamus, thyroid, adrenals), pancreas, ovaries (females), testes (males) Basic Functions: Controls growth and development Controls metabolism
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Excretory System Organs Involved:
skin, kidney, bladder, ureter, urethra Basic Functions: Elimination of wastes
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Reproductive System Organs Involved:
female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina, uterus male: testes, epididymis, vas deferens, penis, urethra Basic Functions: Reproduction
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Lymphatic System Organs Involved:
white blood cells, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymph vessels Basic Functions: Protects body from disease Circulates fluid called lymph Absorbs and transports fats
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Plant Organ Systems A plant has two organ systems: Shoot system:
Includes everything above ground (stem, leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits) Root system: Includes everything below ground
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