1. Introduction to Chemistry

2. Chemistry The study of: the composition (make-up) of matter
the changes that matter undergoes

3. What is matter? Anything that: Has _______ and
Occupies ________ (volume).
mass
space

4. Science
What?
Why?
How?
When?

5. Aristotle (Greece, 4th Century BC)
Philosopher who believed that:
There are 4 elements:
__________________
Matter is perpetually divisible.
earth, water, air, fire

6. Democritus (Greece, 4th Century BC)
First atomic theory
Atom (indivisible).

7. Alchemists (~300BC-1650 AD) China, India, Arabia, Europe, Egypt
Aiming to:
_______________
Develop medicines.
Developed lab equipment.
Mystical.
Change common metals to gold.

8. ______________(Italy 1564 AD)
Galileo Galilei
______________(Italy 1564 AD)
Father of the
scientific method
(along with the Englishman Francis Bacon 1500’s).

9. Antoine Lavoisier (France 1743-1794)
Regarded as the Father of Chemistry.
Designed equipment.
Used observations
and measurements.
Discovered nitrogen.

10. Antoine Lavoisier (cont’d)
Discovered the Law of Conservation of Mass:
In a chemical reaction mass is conserved.

11. Antoine Lavoisier (cont’d)
Explained burning as reaction with oxygen.
Old theory: release of “phlogiston”.

12. John Dalton (England 1766-1844)
Atomic theory

13. Amedeo Avogadro (Italy, 1776-1856)
Avogadro’s Number ___________
One mole of any substance contains ___________ particles.
6.02x1023
6.02x1023

14. Dmitri Mendeléev (Russia, 1834-1907)
First _______________________
Periodic Table of elements.

16. LABORATORY SAFETY

17. General Info
If you do not follow the rules, you will not be allowed to participate in the lab.
Missed labs cannot be made up.

18. Before the Lab Read the instructions Leave belongings at your desk
Make sure you are dressed appropriately and prepared for the lab

19. Classroom know location and use of
The Fire Extinguisher
The eye was station
The emergency shower
Fume hood
Fire Blanket

20. Appropriate Lab Dress
All students must wear protective eye wear at all times during an experiment.
No contacts
Students must wear long pants.
No shorts or skirts
Aprons and gloves are optional

21. Clothing Precautions Students with long hair must be pulled back.
Students must not wear open toed shoes
Hats are not allowed in lab

22. NO Eating
Never put anything in your mouth during the lab (including chemicals, solutions, equipment, food, drink, or gum)
Avoid touching your hair and face during the lab.
Keep your elbows off the lab bench

23. Accidents Report all accidents no matter how small to the instructor,
Small cuts
Broken glass
Spills
Rinse out spills, burns
or cuts with cold water.

24. Reagent Safety Double check the labels Open reagent bottles slowly
Keep reagents clean of contamination
Only mixing reagents you have been instructed to
Always obtain reagents from the instructor .

25. Reagent Safety- wafting
to smell a reagent gently wave your hand over the opening toward your nose (wafting).

26. Corrosive Liquid
When diluting acids add acid into water to avoid splattering.
 Do NOT pour the remaining liquid into the original container.
Treat colorless liquids as harmful liquids and use extreme caution when cleaning it.

27. Broken Glass Report all broken glass to instructor
Never pick up broken glass with your hands
Do not insert glass tubing into rubber stoppers with bare hands

28. Heating Glassware
Never look into a container while it is being heated.
Hot glass should never be carried through the lab
Do not heat glassware with cracks or stars

29. FINSHING UP!
clean and dry all equipment and return it to the same place you found it.
WASH YOUR HANDS before leaving the lab.