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Elements and The Periodic Table
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The “Super 7” Diatomic Elements
“I Have No Bright Or Clever Friends” HOFBrICl
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chlorine pure substance element (molecule) water compound soil mixture
Pure substance or mixture Element or compound heterogeneous or homogeneous chlorine pure substance element (molecule) water compound soil mixture heterogeneous sugar water homogeneous oxygen air carbon dioxide cookie dough propane iron element (atom)
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History of the Periodic Table
330 B.C - 4 elements elements elements Chemists required a systematic method to organize the elements
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John Newlands 1864 Arranged all known elements in order of increasing atomic mass Observed that every 8th element had similar physical and chemical properties (Law of Octaves) Began to group these elements into “families”
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Lothar Meyer 1865 Also arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass Found repeating patterns and developed a table of elements
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Dimitri Mendeleev 1869 Noticed same patterns as Newlands & Meyer
Because Mendeleev published his table first, he is credited as the Father of the Periodic Table Now, elements are not arranged by atomic mass… Periodic Law: When arranged by atomic number, the properties of the elements repeat at regular intervals.
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Amazing!
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Within YOUR Lifetime
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Horizontal stripes on nonmetals
Vertical Stripes on metalloids
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and the same number of valence electrons
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Hydrogen (A class of it’s own)
Sometimes it behaves like an alkali metal, sometimes like a halogen, and sometimes in its own unique way.
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Group 1: Alkali Metals 1 valence electron (electrons in their outermost shell) Soft, shiny, easily cut with a knife The most reactive metals React violently with water (stored in oil or a vacuum) React with halogens to form salts Never found as free elements in nature, always bonded with other elements Braniac: alkali metals Disposal of sodium 1947
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Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
2 valence electrons Light, reactive metals Form oxides when exposed to air. React with oxygen to from oxides, react with hydrogen to form hydrides (except beryllium). React with water to liberate hydrogen
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Groups 3-12: Transition Metals
1 or 2 valence electrons Strong, hard metals Good conductors of heat and electricity Wide range of chemical and physical properties
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Group 17: Halogens 7 valence electrons Extremely reactive nonmetals
Not lustrous, nonconductors of electricity
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Group 18: Noble Gases Full outer shell Extremely unreactive (inert)
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Lanthanides (Rare Earth Metals)
Elements 57-70
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Actinides Elements 89-102 Transuranic Elements: Synthetic elements
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Practice! p. 11 #1, 2 p. 20 #16-20 p. 21 # 4
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