1. Arm Wrestling Matches!

2. Why do living things need energy?
Give examples to support your answer.

3. Energy is used for:
locomotion
muscle contraction
synthesis
active transport
chemical reactions
arm wrestling

4. cellular respiration
- the process by which the energy in food is released by cells

5. Respiration
A process that releases the energy in food (glucose) to a form usable by cells (ATP).

6. Adenosine Triphosphate

7. Adenosine Triphosphate
A-P-P~P
High energy bond

8. ATP
- adenosine tri phosphate
- a tiny packet (of energy)
- stores energy in a usable
form
- the energy currency of the
cell

9. The energy from ATP is used by an organism to obtain, transform, transport materials, and to eliminate wastes

10. ATP cycle
ATP
P + usable energy (from cellular respiration)
ADP
P + energy from cellular respiration

11. Why is ATP important?
It stores the energy from the breakdown of glucose in a form that can be used by cells

12. Cellular Respiration can be Anaerobic Aerobic does not needs oxygen
need oxygen
Produces 36 ATP/glucose molecule
Produces 2 ATP/glucose molecule

13. Cellular Respiration Glucose oxygen 2 ADP + 2P 2 ATP 2 Pyruvic Acid
yco ys I s
oxygen
2 ADP + 2P
2 ATP
2 Pyruvic Acid
34 ATP
Cell
Carbon dioxide
Cytoplasm
water
Mitochondria

14. does not use oxygen (anaerobic)
Glycolysis
breakdown of glucose to
pyruvic acid
occurs in cytoplasm
does not use oxygen (anaerobic)
net gain 2 ATPs
produces pyruvic acid

15. Aerobic respiration 36 ATP are produced
Glucose is broken down in the mitochondria with the help of oxygen.
36 ATP are produced

16. Fermentation
the conversion of pyruvic acid to an end product (ethyl alcohol or lactic acid and CO2) with no further release of energy
lactic acid causes muscle fatigue!

17. Fermentation
occurs in yeast to make…….
Alcohol and
carbon dioxide

18. Alcoholic Fermentation

19. Alcoholic Fermentation
is used in baking and brewing to make bread and alcoholic beverages.

20. Yeast change glucose to pyruvic acid which is then converted to ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.

21. Lactic acid fermentation
Bacteria and muscle cells change glucose to pyruvic acid which is then converted to lactic acid

22. Lactic acid left in your muscles causes soreness and weakness.
This is called muscle fatigue

23. Pyruvic acid lactic acid alcohol and Carbon dioxide lactic acid
yeast
muscle
bacteria
If no oxygen is present
lactic acid
alcohol
and
Carbon dioxide
lactic acid
and
Carbon dioxide
muscle fatigue

24. ATP
aerobic resp.
glycolysis
anaerobic resp.
mitochondria
cytoplasm
oxygen
ATP
Lactic acid
carbon
dioxide
carbon dioxide
alcohol
ATP

25. How do anaerobic organisms benefit from fermentation if it does not provide them with additional energy?

26. Glucose NAD Pyruvic Acid Mitochondria 2 ADP + 2P 2 ATP NO OXYGEN
NAD is stuck with Hydrogen – glycolysis stops
Pyruvic acid does not enter mitochondria
Mitochondria

27. Pyruvic Acid
NADH2
NAD
Lactic Acid
Glycolysis
continues
Muscle Fatigue (in humans)

28. Why do we breathe heavy for awhile after heavy exercise?

29. Pyruvic Acid Mitochondria Lactic Acid NAD NADH2
When oxygen is present again…
Lactic Acid
NAD
NADH2
Pyruvic Acid
Mitochondria

30. Oxygen debt the amount of oxygen needed to dispose of lactic acid
when oxygen is present again, lactic acid is oxidized back to pyruvic acid
pyruvic acid enters the kreb cycle, etc...

31. Cellular Respiration Glucose oxygen 2 ADP + 2P 2 ATP 2 Pyruvic Acid
yco ys I s
oxygen
2 ADP + 2P
2 ATP
2 Pyruvic Acid
34 ATP
Cell
Carbon dioxide
Cytoplasm
water
Mitochondria

32. Anaerobic Respiration -
2 ATP/glucose
Aerobic Respiration -
36 ATP/glucose