1. Plants Part 1: Introduction to Organs, Tissues and Processes

2. What Characteristics do Plants Share?
Eukaryotic
Multicellular
Autotrophic
REVIEW: What do these words mean?

3. A. The Four Plant Organs Flower: Reproduction
What do you think each of these 4 plant organs DOES for the plant?
Leaves: Produce Food
Stem: Transport
Roots: Absorb and Anchor

4. 1. Roots Absorb nutrients and water Anchor the plant Store food
Root hairs increase surface area

5. 2. Stems Support the plant Connect roots and leaves
Transport water and minerals up (Xylem)
Transport glucose and nutrients down (Phloem)

6. 3. Leaves
Capture as much light energy as possible (this is why leaves are thin and flat)
Take in CO2
Make food (glucose) in photosynthesis
4. Flower
Reproduction

7. Take a picture if you don’t have it inyour notebook
4 Tissue Type:
Description
Why Does the Plant Need It?
Major Feature(s)
Similar to What in Humans?
Dermal
Thick, waxy, tough
Protects from damage and water loss
Found on surface of leaves and stems-called epidermis
Skin
Meristematic
Cells continuously divide
Responsible for growth in the plant
Apical meristem at tip of roots protected by root cap and at top of stem
Stem cells
Vascular
A system of hollow tubes, like a pipeline
Transports water and nutrients through roots, stems and leaves
2 types of vascular tubes: Xylem = water Phloem = food
Cardio. system
Ground
Cells that lie between dermal and vascular tissues
Supports the plant—thick, rigid, structural
Storage of sugar in roots and fruits
Fat

8. Ms. Wynn
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

9. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

10. What you need to know
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated processes
Process
Reactants
Products
Location
Energy Involved
Photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide, water
Glucose, Oxygen
Chloroplasts
Input of sunlight
(radiant energy)
Cellular Respiration
Mitochondria
Release of chemical energy (ATP)
*The reactants of one are products of the other

11. Photosynthesis – Trapping the Energy Needed for Life
Most of the energy needed for life on Earth is gathered through photosynthesis
Plant, algae, and some blue/green bacteria do it.
Organisms that do not carry out photosynthesis (fungi, animals, some protists and bacteria) get their energy from photosynthetic organisms

12. What you need to know CO2 levels
Oxygen production in photosynthesis is affected by…
Light intensity
Temperature
CO2 levels

13. Cell Respiration – Cells Release Energy Stored In the Bonds of Food Molecules
Cell respiration releases energy (ATP) from sugars, fats, amino acids, and nucleotides.
The sugar glucose is the most important source of energy in cells.
Animals, plants, and other eukaryotes rely mainly on cellular respiration for the energy their cells need.

14. 2 Types of Cellular Respiration
Aerobic Respiration (aero – oxygen)
Uses oxygen.
Makes a lot of energy.
Anaerobic Respiration (an – not)
Does not use oxygen.
Makes a little bit of energy.
Can make lactic acid.

15. What is the name of this molecule? What is it’s function?
C6H12O6
GLUCOSE

16. What is the chemical formula for this molecule?

17. Name of organelle where photosynthesis occurs?
CHLOROPLAST

18. What is the name of this molecule?
H2O
WATER

19. What is the chemical formula for this molecule?
CO2
Carbon Dioxide

20. EOC Camp Day 2
Mrs. Franklin

21. Origins of Life

22. What does origin of life mean?
Origins of life are scientific theories about how living things arose (began) on earth

23. Earth’s Early Atmosphere
A key part of theories about early life is theories about early earth’s environment
Originally, scientists though the earth was mostly gases like methane, ammonia, nitrogen, hydrogen (MANH)
We know now that earth probably didn’t have methane or ammonia and was mostly just nitrogen and hydrogen

24. Theories about the origin of life…

25. Primordial Soup Theory
Theory states that life started in deep vents in the ocean as heat, water, nitrogen, hydrogen and other gases mixed together in a “soup”

26. Miller-Urey Experiment
Miller and Urey tested the Primordial Soup theory with their experiment
They put MANH gases into a system of tubes, lit it with a spark (to simulate lightning) and condensed the gases

27. Miller-Urey Experiment
What did they find???
AMINO ACIDS!
How can we use this as evidence?
Why is it important?

28. Miller-Urey Experiment
BUT…
Miller and Urey’s mistake is that earth probably didn’t have methane or ammonia!
Since their original experiment, no one has been able to recreate the experiment and get amino acids

29. Endosymbiont Theory
Theory that organelles, and eventually eukaryotic cells, came about when large prokaryotes engulfed (ate) small prokaryotes
The small prokaryotes stayed alive inside the large prokaryotes and they began working together as a single organism

30. Endosymbiont Theory Bacterial DNA Chloroplast and Mitochondrial DNA
What evidence do we have for this theory?
Chloroplast and mitochondria have their own DNA (and it looks like prokaryotic DNA!)
Bacterial DNA
Chloroplast and Mitochondrial DNA

31. What were Earth’s first living things like?
There was no oxygen at first, so organisms were anaerobic
There were no photosynthetic organisms, so they were heterotrophic

32. Where did the oxygen come from?
Eventually Earth’s atmosphere was filled with oxygen
Early blue-green bacteria used a primitive form of photosynthesis that RELEASED OXYGEN
As more oxygen filled the atmosphere, organisms evolved that could breathe oxygen (aerobic)

33. Let’s Practice Together
Of the following, __________ was not contained in the Miller-Urey original mixture.
Water
Oxygen
Ammonia
Methane
It would not have made sense for oxygen to be in the mixture because we know that there was NOT oxygen in early earth’s atmosphere

34. Let’s Practice Together
Miller and Urey's experiments provided evidence that:
Life evolved on Earth from bacteria
Coacervates were the first type of protocells
Bacteria were the first type of living organism to appear on Earth
Complex organic molecules can form spontaneously under conditions that may have existed on Earth
Their experiment used only inorganic materials and created organic molecules, they purposefully tried to simulate the environment of early earth

35. Independent Practice

36. Check Your Answers B D C A

37. Check Your Answers
10. Scientist think that earth’s early atmosphere had no oxygen and was primarily made of nitrogen and hydrogen. 11. This is the theory that life began in deep sea vents where gases mixed with hot water in a “soup” of nitrogen, hydrogen and other gases. 12. In the Miller-Urey experiment, the scientitst used the gases they believed were present in the atmosphere—nitrogen, hydrogen, ammonia and methane. The lit the gases with a spark and mixed them with water vapor, then allowed to gases to condense. They found amino acids in the collection chamber. This showed that organic compounds could form from inorganic compounds.