1. Chapter 3: Ecosystem Ecology
Module 6: The Movement of Energy

2. Ecosystems are made of biotic and abiotic components.
Biotic means _____
Abiotic means ______
_______________ is the region of our planet where life resides. It forms a 20-km thick layer around Earth between the deepest ocean bottom and the highest mountain peak.

3. Which Law of Thermodynamics is shown in the energy pyramid below?
Only 10% of the energy from one consumer is available to the next level consumer.

4. Photosynthesis or Respiration?
Captures energy
Releases energy
What kind of energy is solar energy?
a. Potential b. Kinetic

5. Producers or autotrophs = are organisms that use the Sun’s energy to produce usable forms of energy. Ex: plants, algae, and some bacteria

6. Glucose is a form
of _________ energy
Kinetic
potential

7. Cellular Respiration
= the process by which cells unlock the enrgy of chemical compounds.
2 Types of Cellular Respiration
Aerobic respiration = the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy , CO2 and H2O.
Anaerobic respiration = the process by which cells convert glucose into energy in the absence of oxygen.

11. Consumers or heterotrophs = are incapable of photosynthesis and must obtain their energy by consuming other organisms.
Categories of consumers:
Herbivores or primary consumers
- include a variety of familiar plant- and alga-eating animals such as zebras, grasshoppers, tadpoles, and zooplankton.

12. Secondary consumers = carnivores that eat primary consumers
Secondary consumers = carnivores that eat primary consumers. Ex: lions, hawks, rattlesnakes.
Tertiary consumers = carnivores that eat the secondary consumers
Ex: Bald eagles

13. Trophic levels = the successive levels of organisms consuming one another. Food chain = the sequence of consumption from producers to tertiary consumers.

14. Food web = a complex model
of how energy and matter
Move between trophic levels.
Scavenger = an organism that
consumes dead animals.

16. Some ecosystems are more productive than others
Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) = is a measure of the total amount of solar energy that the producers in the system capture via photosynthesis over a given amount of time. Net Primary Productivity (NPP) = the energy captured by producers in an ecosystem minus the energy producers respire. = GPP – respiration by producers.

17. How to determine the rate of photosynthesis?
1. Measure the production of CO2 in the dark because no photosynthesis occurs in the dark
Measure the uptake of CO2 in sunlight.
Add both measurements to determine the GPP (kg C/m2/day).