1. DeVELOPMENT
KEY ISSUE 1

2. Development
the process of improving the material conditions of the people through the diffusion of knowledge and technology

3. Key Issue 1
Why Does Development Vary Among Countries?

4. I See… I Wonder… There are LOTS of maps in this unit.
REMEMBER! Geographers use maps as
sources of reference
sources of communication
THINK like a geographer… what is each map depicting? Why is that info significant?
Don’t “skip” the maps!

5. Human Development Index
United Nations developed a metric to measure the level of development of every country called the Human Development Index (HDI) based on three factors:
Countries group into 4 classes Level of development ranging from developed (Very High) to developing (Low).
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6. HDI Measure 1: Standard of Living
UN measures standard of living based on two functions:
Gross national income (GNI)
Value of the output of goods and services produced in a country annually, including money that leaves and enters the country.
Per capita GNI measures average wealth, NOT its distribution among citizens.
NOTE! Gross domestic product (GDP) is similar except it doesn’t account for money entering and leaving the country
Purchasing power parity (PPP)
Cost of living adjustment made to the GNI.
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7. GNI Purchasing Parity Power

8. Big Mac Purchasing Parity Index
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Big Mac Purchasing Parity Index
THE Big Mac Index is based on the theory of PPP the notion that exchange rates should move towards the rate that would equalize the prices of an identical basket of goods and services (in this case, a burger) in any two countries. For example, the average price of a Big Mac in America in January 2016 was $4.93; in China it was only $2.68 at market exchange rates. So the "raw" Big Mac index says that the yuan was undervalued by 46% at that time.
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9. Review with the Plaid Avenger

11. Inequality-adjusted HDI… Who Gets What?
The IHDI combines a country’s average achievements in health, education and income with how those achievements are distributed among country’s population.
Two countries with different distributions of achievements can have the same average HDI value.
Under perfect equality the IHDI is equal to the HDI, but falls below the HDI when inequality rises… the “haves” vs the “have nots.”

13. Consumer Goods
Access to consumer goods is another economic measure. Who can afford what?

16. HDI Measure 2: A Long and Healthy Life
UN considers good health to be an important measure of development. Main health indicator contribution to the HDI is life expectancy at birth.
Average life expectancies of a baby
Global average: 70 years
Developed country: 80 years
Developing country: 68 years

17. Regional Outlook: Life Expectancy at Birth

18. HDI Measure 3: Years of Education
UN considers years of schooling to be the most critical measure of the ability of an individual to gain access to knowledge needed for development.
Average Years of schooling
Global: 7 years
Developed: 11 years
Developing: 6 years
Expected years of schooling
Developed: 16 years
Developing: 11 years

19. Percent of GDP Spent on Education
IF LDCs want to improve education, these states must spend a HIGHER % of their GDP on education than MDCs must spend. Some LDCs are more committed than others when it comes to education.
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20. Literacy Rates

21. Human Development Index…

22. Look Familiar? 2015 HDI Map
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23. HDI By Region

24. Key Issue 1 Graphic Organizer
COMPLETE this table on the back of your HDI Regions world map.

26. Limitations of the Human Development Index
Takes no account of qualitative factors such as
cultural identity 
political freedoms 
gender equity
Takes no account of factors such as environmental biodiversity.
Takes no account of income distribution so may inaccurately measure the monetary well-being of the people. Inequitable development is not human development.