1. ORGAN SYSTEMS Digestive system (cont.) Functions Appendix
Mechanical and chemical breakdown (digestion) of food
Absorption of nutrients
Undigested waste product that is eliminated is called feces
Appendix
Structural but not a functional part of digestive system
Inflammation of appendix is called appendicitis

2. ORGAN SYSTEMS Urinary system (Figure 4-11) Structure Functions Kidneys
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra
Functions
“Clearing” or cleaning blood of waste products; waste product excreted from body is called urine
Electrolyte balance
Water balance
Acid-base balance
In males, urethra has urinary and reproductive functions

4. ORGAN SYSTEMS Reproductive system (Figures 4-12 and 4-13) Structure
Male
Gonads—testes
Genital ducts—vas deferens, urethra
Accessory gland—prostate
Supporting structures—genitalia (penis and scrotum)
Female
Gonads—ovaries
Accessory organs—uterus, uterine (fallopian) tubes, vagina
Supporting structures—genitalia (vulva), mammary glands (breasts)

7. ORGAN SYSTEMS Reproductive system (cont.) Functions Survival of genes
Production of sex cells (male: sperm; female: ova)
Transfer and fertilization of sex cells
Development and birth of offspring
Nourishment of offspring
Production of sex hormones