1. WHY DOES IT MATTER ? Objectives:
Define and give examples of 3 states of matter
Distinguish between pure substances and mixtures
Define terms related to matter

2. What is Matter? Anything that has mass and volume (occupies space)
Composed of atoms
Exists in three states on earth
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Exists in fourth state in space
Plasma

3. Solids Definite shape Definite Volume
Particles tightly packed and only vibrate

4. Liquids Definite volume No defined shape Particles have bigger spaces
Particles can move past one another

5. Gases No fixed volume No fixed shape
Particles have lots of space between them
Particles can move freely

7. Substances and Mixtures
Pure Substance: a particular kind of matter with a definite, fixed composition
elements
compounds
Mixture: a combination of two or more pure substances
homogenous
heterogeneous

8. Heterogeneous mixtures (suspensions + mechanical mixtures)
Matter
Pure substances
Mixtures
Elements
Compounds
Heterogeneous mixtures (suspensions + mechanical mixtures)
Homogenous
(Solutions )

9. Types of Mixtures
Heterogeneous mixtures (two or more parts are visible)
oil and vinegar (suspension)
Granola (mechanical mixture)
Green salad (mechanical mixture)
Homogeneous mixtures (appear to be one substance)
salt water
kool aid
metal alloy

10. Separating Mixtures Filtration
Do NOT cause chemical changes
Heterogeneous Mixtures
sand and water

11. Separating Mixtures Distillation:
Homogeneous Mixtures
solutions

12. Separating Mixtures Chromatography
Homogeneous Mixtures
solutions (coloured solid in liquid)

13. Separating Mixtures Recrystallization
Homogeneous Mixtures where a solid is the solute

14. Pure Substances Elements Compound
any substances that can not be safely broken down into simpler substances
Compound
made up of two or more different atoms
can be chemically separated

16. Elements ~111 presently known elements At room temperature:
Figure 3.3 – distribution of elements in the

17. Elements
Names of the elements
Greek
Latin
Location where discovered

18. Elements Arranged in the Periodic Table (inside front cover) Symbols
Some symbols are Latin/Greek name (Table 3.4)

19. Elements
Classification
Metal
Nonmetal
Metalloid
See Table 3.5

20. Elements Metals: Usually solid at room temperature High luster
Malleable
Usually don’t combine with each other

21. Elements Nonmetals: Solids ( ); Liquid ( ); Gases (all others)
Poor conductors
Low melting point;
Will combine
Some found uncombined in nature

22. Elements Metalloids Have properties of
Some used for semiconductors in electronics

23. Compounds Two or more elements New properties
Can be chemically separated

24. Compounds
Molecular
Held together with
Molecule:
Water is an example

25. Compounds
Ionic
Ion:
Cation –
Anion –
Held together by ionic bond –

26. Compounds
Diatomic Molecules
Always only 2 atoms
7 naturally occurring

27. Chemical Formulas
Abbreviations for compounds
Sodium Chloride (NaCl)

28. Chemical Formulas Subscript indicates # of atoms present
H2O has 2 Hydrogen atoms and 1 Oxygen atom
NaOH has

29. Chemical Formulas
Parentheses are used to show when a compound contains more than one group of atoms that occurs as a unit

30. Chemical Formulas Show only number and kind of atom
Do not show arrangement of the atoms or how chemically bonded