1. Check for Understanding
The ocean layer where temperature changes most rapidly with depth is called _______________.
Which layer would you expect to find warm water heated by the sun? __________________________
Why does warm water stay on the ocean surface? ______________________________________
Thermocline
Surface mixed zone
Warm water floats since it is less dense
than cold water

2. Challenge Question
If all else is equal, increasing the salinity of a seawater sample will also increase its _________.
Temperature
Pressure
Density
Turbidity

3. Ocean Currents Types of Ocean Currents Surface Currents
Powered by the wind.
Deep Currents or Density Currents
Powered by differences in density and gravity.

4. Surface Currents & Coriolis Effect
Coriolis Effect is the shifting of winds and surface currents from their expected paths because of the earth’s rotation.

5. Surface Currents Categories of surface currents: Equatorial
Examples: Equatorial Countercurrent
S. Hemisphere
Examples: Antarctica Circumpolar Current (also called West Wind Drift)
N. Atlantic
Examples: Gulf Stream, North Atlantic Current, Labrador Current
N. Pacific
Examples: North Atlantic Gyre

6. Deep or Density Currents
Categories of Deep/Density Currents:
Antarctic Bottom Water
Densest and coldest ocean water
Moves northward along the bottom of the ocean
North Atlantic Deep Water
Moves southward under the Gulf Stream
Also near Mediterranean Sea

7. Ocean Waves Parts of an Ocean Wave Crest Trough
Wave height (amplitude)
Wavelength

8. Ocean Waves
A wave is a periodic disturbance in a solid, liquid, or gas as energy is transmitted through a medium

9. Wave Motion – Online Simulation
nce/terc/content/visualizations/es1604/es16 04page01.cfm?chapter_no=visualization

10. Ocean Waves – Size 3 Factors that affect wave size:
Speed of wind
Length of time wind blows
Fetch – the distance that wind can blow across open water
Increase factor  increase wave size