1. Glacial Erosion and Depositional Features
How Do Glaciers Affect the Landscape?

2. Glacial Erosion Glaciers remove loose rock from the valleys
The flowing glacier pries rocks loose and incorporates them into the ice

3. Glacial Striations CL Rocks scrape the underlying bedrock
This picture was taken near Squamish 1997

4. Valley Shape
Glaciers will carve out a U shaped valley

5. Fjords and Inlets CL
Sognefjord, Norway
A fjord is a U shaped valley filled in with water. In B.C. we call a fjord an inlet

6. Erosional Features
At the top of an alpine glacier a semicircular basin is carved out called a cirque
When two cirques form on a peak the ridge separating them is called an arête
Three or more cirques on a mountain can carve out a horn

7. The glacier erodes

8. After the glacier melts

9. The Matterhorn
In the Swiss alps

10. Glacier at work
A Swiss glacier is eroding the mountain. CL

11. Swiss Alps are glacially sculptedCL

12. Glacial Deposits
Glaciers pick up everything in its path, even the largest boulders.
Large amounts of sediment can be carried large distances by glaciers.
Glacial deposit is called till.

13. Erratics
Erratics are large boulders carried and then deposited by a glacier.
It marks the furthest extent of the glacier.
Near 12th Avenue and 200th Street, Surrey.

14. Glacial Erratics CL
Estonia, Gulf of Finland. These rocks were carried and deposited by glaciers from Finland to Estonia

15. Glacial Erratics CL
Burnaby Mountain Park

16. Moraines A moraine is a mound or ridge of till deposited by a glacier
The different places along a glacier’s advance will result in the different types of moraines

17. Moraine dams the lake CL

18. Moraine Lake Banff National ParkCL
Banff National Park
The haze is from the forest fires of 2003

19. CL
Peyto Lake
Bluest lake in the Rockies. The glacial till causes the light to be scattered leaving the lake very blue.

20. End Moraine End moraine of the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska.
Note the poorly sorted sediment; The boulders are several meters in diameter.

21. Formation of end moraine
The terminus of a glacier may remain stationary for years.
The sediment piles up in a ridge called an end moraine.
If this marks the furthest extent of the glacier it is a terminal moraine.

22. Retreating Glacier
End moraine

23. The retreating Athabasca GlacierCL
Jasper National Park, Alberta

24. On the Athabasca Glacier
Glaciers are full of dirt, and there are crevasses.

25. Lateral Moraine
Lateral moraines are accumulations of sediment on the margins of glaciers. 
Rock slides, rock falls, snow avalanches and other forms of mass wasting are especially efficient at loading the margins of the glacier with this material. 

26. Formation of a Medial Moraine
The medial moraine forms where two tributary glaciers meet, and their adjacent lateral moraines merge to form the medial moraine.

27. Kennicott Glacier, Alaska.

28. Medial Moraine Switzerland, Aletsch Glacier in the Bernese Oberland
At least how many tributary glaciers must there be to create this formation?
Three, because there are two medial moraines CL