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Comparing Singapore & Hong Kong

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Presentation on theme: "Comparing Singapore & Hong Kong"— Presentation transcript:

1 Comparing Singapore & Hong Kong

2 Singapore & Hong Kong Area Population Singapore: 697 km2
Hong Kong: 1,108 km2 Population Singapore: 5.7 million annual growth 1.9% Hong Kong: 7.1 million annual growth 0.4%

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4 Singapore and Hong Kong
Each is separated from the mainland by a narrow waterway Singapore’s relationship with Malaysia has been volatile brief merge in disputes about water delivery, islands, etc. Hong Kong benefits from mainland China’s cheap labor and market

5 Singapore and Hong Kong
Both are mostly ethnic Chinese societies Singapore: 77% Hong Kong: 94% both had over 100 years of British rule Singapore: Hong Kong: both were occupied by Japan

6 GDP (purchasing power parity)
Singapore: US$445 billion (2014) Ranked 40th in the world per capita 7th in the world Hong Kong: US$401 billion (2014) Ranked 45th in the world per capita 17th in the world

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8 Singapore and Hong Kong
Both are newly industrialized economies GDP composition: Sector Singapore Hong Kong agriculture 0% 0% industry 25% 7% service 75% 93%

9 Singapore and Hong Kong
Exports: Singapore: 13th in the world Hong Kong: 8th in the world 54% to mainland China Imports: Singapore: 14th in the world Hong Kong: 7th in the world 47% from mainland China

10 Exports of G.&S. (% of GDP)

11 Economic development Singapore and Hong Kong
have achieved similar economic success through very different economic approaches path of economic development diverged after World War II similar experience under British colonial rule divergent political development after WWII divergent economic models after 1960s

12 Colonial legacies Both became entry ports to mainland
both benefited from British management and technological expertise both attracted inflow of Chinese emigrants Chinese population in Singapore doubled in 1820s Chinese population in Hong Kong quadrupled between the two World Wars

13 Divergent paths after WWII
Singapore gained independence (1959) Lee Kuan Yew’s People’s Action Party economy grew at a slow pace in 1950s still based on intermediary trade boosted by the Korean War of

14 Divergent paths after WWII
Hong Kong restructured its economy population quadrupled large-scale relocation of capital, entrepreneurs, and assets from mainland China trade embargo against mainland China after Korean War broke out actually benefited HK relative political stability popular political apathy

15 Divergent development model
Singapore’s People’s Action Party faced severe internal and external conflicts in 1960s PAP became a elitist and paternalistic party neo-Confucianism? government intervention in the economy drew up a state development plan

16 Singapore’s development 1960s
New institutions Economic Development Board promote industrial development Housing and Development Board develop industrial estates Development Bank of Singapore provide industrial financing Jurong Town Corporation acquire, develop, and manage development sites

17 Singapore’s development 1960s
Restructured from trading port to manufacturing base government intervention to attract foreign investment in labor market in providing public housing in improving educational facilities in developing a social security system

18 Singapore’s development 1960s
produced phenomenal economic growth achieved full employment by early 1970s ventured into high-tech, capital-intensive industries and high value-added services

19 Hong Kong’s development
Hong Kong also enjoyed phenomenal economic success rapid expansion in manufacturing in 1960s industrial diversification in 1970s

20 Hong Kong’s development
government’s laissez-faire principle reactive, selective, & reluctant intervention development of public housing provide lower-middle-income families with access to home ownership social expenditure & community development development of human resources intervention to maintain competitiveness

21 Convergence since 1980s? Singapore reconsidered its development strategy economy diversified from manufacturing to financial and professional services aims to surpass Hong Kong as an international center of finance & business HQ government relaxed intervention in economy free capital flows and foreign investment even after Asian Financial Crisis of 1997

22 Convergence since 1980s? Hong Kong government moved in the opposite direction became more interventionist to cope with the political uncertainty during the negotiations between PRC and UK intervened in stock and currency market has linked HK$ to US$ since 1983

23 Convergence after crisis?


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