1. Is it Ethical? Before you implement a new practice, ask yourself:
Does the practice break FDA, state, or federal laws?
Does the practice harm the animal?
Does the practice falsely represent the animal?
Do you have to lie to cover up the practice?
Would the public be upset if they knew about the practice?
Are the food products from this animal marketable?
Would you eat the food produced from this animal?

2. What is Animal Welfare?
Animal welfare means how an animal is coping with the conditions in which it lives.
An animal is in a good state of welfare if (as indicated by scientific evidence) it is healthy, comfortable, well nourished, safe, able to express innate behavior,
and if it is not suffering from unpleasant states such as pain, fear, and distress.

3. Who is Responsible for Food Safety?
All segments of the production chain
Food animal producers including:
Youth food animal project members
Parents/guardians/family members of youth
Others involved in the care of the project animals

4. Consumer Producer Food Service Transportation Marketing Retail/
Distribution
Processing
Harvesting
Marketing
Producer
Transportation

5. Chemical Residues from Drugs Pesticides Product tampering
Food Safety Hazards
Chemical Residues from
Drugs
Pesticides
Product tampering

6. Food Safety Hazards Physical Bruising Injection site blemishes
Physical
Bruising
Injection site blemishes
Broken needles, etc.
Contamination (usually from manure)

7. Food Safety Hazards Microbial
Microbial
Bacteria which could cause foodborne illness
Salmonella
E. Coli
Listeria
Salmonella
E. Coli
Listeria

8. How Can Youth Exhibitors Ensure Food Safety?
Supply the packer/processor with animals and/or food products free from drug and chemical residues and physical hazards
Youth exhibitors must always be aware of withdrawal times
“Withdrawal period” or “withdrawal time” means the interval from the time livestock is removed from medication until all residues are within tolerance level

9. Good Production Practices Highlighted in 2018- 2-4-5
GPP 1: Use an Appropriate Veterinarian/Client/Patient Relationship (VCPR) as the Basis for Medication Decision-Making GPP 2: Establish and Implement an Efficient and Effective Health Management Plan GPP 3: Use Antibiotics Responsibly GPP 4: Properly Store and Administer Animal Health Products GPP 5: Follow Proper Feed Product Protocols

10. Health Management Plan- GPP #2
Your Health Management Plan should include these key components:
Development of a herd/flock health plan
Veterinarian/Client/Patient Relationship (VCPR)
Development of a biosecurity plan

11. Health Management Plan
Herd/Flock health is a key to food safety!
Controls disease
Reduces risk of drug residue
Improves animal health and welfare
Costs less money to prevent than to treat
Establishes vaccination plans, biosecurity protocols & emergency preparedness
Should be established with your veterinarian

12. Veterinarian/Client/Patient Relationship
(VCPR)
Important to establish as a means to
Manage the health of project animal(s)
Prevent drug residues
Required for prescription drugs, extra-label drug use and Veterinarian Feed Directives (VFD)!

13. Veterinarian/Client/Patient Relationship
(VCPR)
What is needed for this relationship?
The veterinarian has:
Seen and has knowledge of the animal
Knowledge of the facilities
Discussed the health plan or any treatments with the owner

14. Herd/Flock Health Plan
Work with your veterinarian to
develop:
Vaccination protocols
Parasite control protocols
A schedule of regular health checks – review vaccination & treatment records, discuss health concerns
A calendar to execute the health plan

15. Vaccinations
Vaccinations are preventative steps to ensure health of the animal.
Very important in exhibition animals
Vaccination lowers risk of disease
Exhibitions expose animals to several diseases due to intermingling of animals from many sources
Determine what vaccinations your animals might need by reading fair requirements and talking to your veterinarian.
Ask for animal health records when purchasing animals.

16. Biosecurity can be either:
External
Keeping diseases out of a herd/flock
Internal
Keeping diseases already in one or more segments of the herd/flock from spreading to other segments

17. External Biosecurity Wildlife/Rodent/Pest/Pet Control
Deny entrance to buildings/feed rooms
Store feed in rodent proof containers
Clean up spilled feed
Use methods to control rodents

18. External Biosecurity New Animals
Clean and disinfect pen/stall/cage before bringing in new animals
Should be isolated for at least 10 days
Consult veterinarian for each situation
Isolate animal(s) after an exhibition
Same health status as current animals on farm
Vaccination

19. External Biosecurity
Visitors
Limited access to production areas
No visitors from another farm who has not washed and changed clothes and shoes
Supply disposable boots

20. External Biosecurity Personal
Change clothes/boots/shoes after visiting other farms, feed store, livestock shows
Clean & disinfect scales, show equipment, tools that have been used off the farm
Clean & disinfect truck/trailer after each use

21. Internal Biosecurity
Work with your veterinarian when you have a sick animal
Have separate facilities for sick animals
Have clothing/shoes/boots that are only worn to the barn. Do not wear these to the fair.
Keep feed and feed bunks free of manure
Clean waterers on a regular basis

22. Responsible Drug Use- GPP#4
Make sound decisions!
Read, understand and follow label directions
Keep and know medication records and animal ID treatment status of ALL animals
Identify all treated animals
Keep accurate records
Removes doubt when marketing previously treated animals
Helps to assure proper withdrawal times followed for all animals

23. Medication Label (label located on the outside of the container)
Name of Medication
Warning &
Withdrawal
Tetrabiotic
(Hygrocillin)
Directions for use: See package insert
Warning: The use of this drug must be discontinued for 30 days before treated animals are slaughtered for food. Exceeding the highest recommended dosage may result in antibiotic residues in meat or milk beyond the withdrawal time.
Store between 2° and 8° C (36° and 46° F). Keep dry.
Net contents: 100 ml
Distributed by OhioHealth, Inc.
Active Ingredient
Storage
Quantity
Distributor

24. Animal Health Products – Best Practices
Store the box, medication, and all labels together. Read labels to determine how
to store.
Keep medication labels for your records
Attach in the back of record books or keep with treatment records
Keep records for at least one year

25. Expiration Date & Shelf Life
Purchase only amount needed
Always check the expiration date
Never use an outdated drug or vaccine
Some drugs must be used the same day once opened or mixed
For example: Modified Live Vaccines

26. Storage DO’s Determine drug storage requirements
Most require cool, dark, dry storage
Some require refrigeration
All drugs should be stored in a clean, organized place
Avoid contamination

27. Storage DON’Ts
DO NOT store partially used drugs or vaccines unless allowable by label
Drugs for lactating and non-lactating animals should NOT be stored together
DO NOT store medications in syringes
Unless provided that way by veterinarian
DO NOT store with needle stuck in bottle

28. Avoid Cross-Contamination
Use transfer needles to reconstitute vaccines
NEVER mix vaccines or other animal health products, unless directed…
Use only APPROVED combinations of vaccines or health products
DO NOT store medications in feed room
Could get mixed with a feed ration

29. Administering Medications
Orally
Through the mouth
By drenching guns, balling guns or oral dose syringes
In feed and water

30. Administering Medications
Topical
Directly on the skin or on the mucous membranes of the eyes, ears, or nasal passages
Check if product is approved for food animals
Pesticides typically have this type of application

31. Administering Medications
Injections
“Giving a shot”
Proper restraint required
Risks include:
Broken needles
Injections site reactions
Select proper site for injection!

32. Cattle - Proper Injection Site

33. Sheep/Goats – Proper Injection Sites

34. Swine – Proper Injection Sites

35. Why is proper injection site important?
Consumer SAFETY is compromised
Consumers want QUALITY meat products
MONEY lost by industry

36. Administering Medications
Types of Injections:
Intramuscular (IM)
in the muscle
Subcutaneous (SQ)
under the skin

37. Administering Medications
Intraperitoneal (IP) – in the abdominal cavity
Seek veterinary assistance
Serious injury including death may occur
Intravenous (IV) – in the vein

38. Administering Medications
Other methods
Intranasal (IN) – in the nasal passages
Intramammary Infusion – in the udder through the teat canal
These injections do not use a needle!

39. Needle-Use Guidelines
Evaluate the quality of the needle by assessing the hub, shaft and bevel
The needle should be free of chips, cracks or burrs
Make sure the needle is not bent

40. Needle-Use Guidelines
Change needles frequently
Preferably after each animal
Retrieve dropped needles and dispose of immediately
Change bent needles
Never straighten
Ensure proper disposal of sharps
Needles, surgical knife blades, and syringes

41. Follow Proper Feed Processing Protocols- GPP #5
Medicated Feeds:
Can only feed at level approved by FDA
Veterinarians cannot prescribe extra-label use of medicated feeds. This is ILLEGAL!
Must feed at level as indicated on the feed label instructions
Feed complies with federal residue levels
Feed additives and veterinary drugs used in feed are safe
Feed meets the required withdrawal time

42. Cross-Contamination
What to do to reduce the risk of cross-contamination between medicated and non-medicated feeds?
Use different feed scoops
Red for medicated
Green or another color for non-medicated
Properly clean feed mixing equipment
Store medicated feed and other feeds separately and keep containers separate
Clean feeders following the use of medicated feeds

43. READ THE LABEL Age and type of animal feeding Nutrient needs
Active drug ingredient and withdrawal time
Know how to calculate proper amounts!!
Consult nutritionist, veterinarian, or Extension professional

44. Feed Product Label Regulated by USDA
Unless medications are added, then it is regulated by FDA
Must appear on all commercial feeds and ingredients
Lists withdrawal time (if any)
Carefully calculate withdrawal time prior to fair!

45. Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD)
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has new rules on the use of medically important antibiotics in food animals.
As of January 1, 2017, the use of medically important antibiotics in food animals is governed by the Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD).
The VFD is a prescription-like process for using certain antibiotics in or on feed, and drinking water.

46. Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD)
A VFD is a written statement issued by a licensed veterinarian that authorizes the use of an approved VFD drug or combination VFD drug in or on an animal feed.
This written statement authorizes the client (owner of the animal) to obtain and use animal feed bearing or containing a VFD drug or combination VFD drug to treat the client’s animals.
Use must be in accordance with the conditions for use approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration).

47. What is a VFD Drug?
A VFD is only required if the medication to be added to feed is a medically important antibiotic.
Antibiotics not on the medically important list do not require a VFD.
Dewormers and medications to prevent/treat coccidia are not antibiotics, so no VFD is required.
Not all medicated feeds require a VFD.
Not all medicated feeds have a withdrawal time. If there is no withdrawal, the feed may be fed until slaughter.

48. Establish a VCPR to get a VFD
Must have a VCPR in order to obtain a VFD.
To write a VFD and otherwise treat your animals, the veterinarian must personally see your animal(s), become acquainted with their care, and have done so recently enough that he/she can make medical judgements.
You cannot buy feed with a VFD drug without a valid VFD from a licensed veterinarian!