1. Chapter 1 Section 1 Part II Standard 10.1

2. Founder of Democracy in Athens Cleisthenes (KLYS-Thuh neez)
Review
Founder of Democracy in Athens Cleisthenes (KLYS-Thuh neez)
Council of 500 Citizens debate and make law

3. The Persian Wars In 500 B.C. Athens was the wealthiest City-State
Persia had a large empire and wanted to take over more land

4. The Persian Wars
The Persian King, Darius, tries to force Athens to pay him
The Greek City-States, Sparta and Athens, refuse.

5. The Persian War
The Spartans and Athenians unite against Persia in the Battle of Marathon.
Greeks=Blue
Persians=Red
Greeks outsmart the Persians and wins!

6. Athens in the Age of Pericles
After the war with Persia, Athens became the most powerful city-state in Greece.
Athens began to dominate other city-states
Athens slowly created an empire

7. Athens in the Age of Pericles
Pericles led Athens at the time.
Due to his wisdom and leadership, B.V. is called the Age of Pericles

8. Athens in the Age of Pericles
Political Life:
Athens had direct democracy
A large number of citizens took part in day-to-day affairs.
At least 6,000 members of the assembly had to be present to decide important issues.
Pericles believe all male citizens, regardless of wealth or social status, should take part in government
The began to pay a fixed salary to men in public office-enabling poor men to serve in government.
Citizens also served on the Jury
Jury is a panel of citizens who have the authority to make the final judgment in a trial.

9. Athens in the Age of Pericles
The Funeral Oration
After a funeral for Athenians slain in battle, Pericles gave a civic speech:
He pointed out that the power was in the hands of the people
He stressed the duties of the individual
He stated Athenians had a special responsibility because they were an example for the rest of the Greek City-States

10. Athens in the Age of Pericles
Economic and Cultural Life
They had a lot of wealth
They rebuilt acropolis that were destroyed in war
This projects created jobs for artisans and workers
They honored their gods with temples and festivals
Some Greek thinkers began to believe that the universe was regulated by natural laws, not at the will of the gods.
Pericles surrounded himself by these thinkers and transformed Athens into a cultural center of Greece

11. Athens in the Age of Pericles
The Peloponnesian War
Pericles’ Funeral Oration honored Athenians killed in 431 B.C., the first year of the Peloponnesian War.
Power struggle between Athens and Sparta.
Spartans wanted to end Athens supremacy
The war dragged on for 27 years
In 404 B.C. Spartans captured Athens.
Democratic government suffered
Corruption and selfish interests replaced older ideals

12. Assignment #2
What progress did the Greeks under Pericles make toward democratic government? (Standard: )

13. Greek Philosophers
Greeks had confidence in the power of the human mind
Those who thought events were caused by something else other than the whims of gods were considered philosophers.
PHILOSOPHERS= lovers of wisdom
They searched for the principles that governed the universe

14. Greek Philosophers Moral and Ethical Principles
Some philosophers focused on ethics and morality.
Ethics and morality concern the idea of goodness and the establishment of standards of human behavior (for example: how people should dress in public, what is the best form of gov’t etc.)
In Athens, the Sophists questioned moral and ethical truths-they saw them as opinions not principles
They taught persuasive speaking
Persuasive speeches were used to persuade others and advance their careers

15. Greek Philosophers Socrates and Citizenship
He was an opponent to Sophists
He was a stonemason and philosopher
He asked questions such as, “What is the greatest good?”
Using the Socratic method, he asked a series of questions to his students and challenged them to examine the implications of their answers.

16. Greek Philosophers
All of his questioning threatened Athenian traditions
When he was 70 they put him on trial
He was accused of corrupting the city’s youth and failing to respect the gods.
He was found guilty and sentenced to death
He refused to run away as he felt that the duties of an individual include submitting to the laws of the state.

17. Greek Philosophers Plato and Reason:
After Socrates was killed he felt distrust about democracy
He left Athens for 10 years but when he came back he set up a school called, Academy
He taught what he believed: that reason, not the experience of the senses, led to knowledge

18. Greek Philosophers The Republic:
Plato described his ideal of an ideal state
He rejected democracy
Wanted the state to regulate every aspect of its citizens’ lives in order to provide for their best interests.
Believed all man created equal at birth but can rise only as high as your abilities
Divided his society into 3 classes: workers to produce the necessities of life, soldiers to defend the state, and philosophers to rule.

19. Greek Philosophers Aristotle and the Rule of Law A student of Plato
Preferred government by the many not the few
Suspicious of democracy
Believed in a constitutional government ruled by members of the middle class
He felt city-state represented the best and most natural form of human community

20. Greek Philosophers
Aristotle said the key to a successful city-state is the “rule of the law”
This meant that everyone must answer to the law
He despised tyranny where a ruler was above the law
He believed in a “golden mean,” meaning a moderate course between extremes
Saw reason as the guiding force of learning

21. Assignment #3 Create a chart like shown below
Assignment #3 Create a chart like shown below. List important things about each philosopher. Be sure to comment on how each philosopher felt about democracy.
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
- Socrates believed

22. Alexander and the Hellenistic Age
After Plato died Aristotle moved back to where he was born, Macedonia
There he tutored the Macedonian king’’s 13 year old son, Alexander.
The King was Philip II, he admired Greek culture

23. Alexander and the Hellenistic Age
King Philip wanted to conquer Greece.
He did so in 338 B.C.
He wanted to conquer Persia but was assassinated before he could

24. Alexander and the Hellenistic Age
Conquest of Persia
Alexander became king after his father was murdered
At 20 years old he wanted to conquer Persia
He created an army of Greeks and Macedonians in 334 BC
He used brilliant war tactics
By 327 B.C. he conquered the Persian Empire!

25. Alexander and the Hellenistic Age
Persian Empire before King Alexander
King Alexander’s Empire

26. This is why they call him, Alexander the Great

27. Alexander and the Hellenistic Age
The Legacy of Alexander
Alexander died 4 years later and his kingdom crumbled
His rule led to changes
There were many more cities founded
Local people absorbed Greek ideals
Blending of Eastern and Western culture
A new culture emerged: Hellenistic civilizations flourished for centuries

28. Alexander and the Hellenistic Age
Hellenistic world
Some democracies survived
Most part powerful individuals or groups ruled
Governors managed the cities
Kings had ultimate control
Earlier Greek codes of behavior didn’t seem relevant

29. Alexander and the Hellenistic Age
New schools of philosophy
Most famous: Stoicism
Urged to avoid desires and disappointment by calmly accepting whatever life brought
High moral standards
Belief in dignity and equality of all (preached women and slaves might be unequal in society but equal morally)
Rome emerged as a powerful state in 133 B.C.
Replaced Greece as dominant power in Mediterranean world
Greek ideas about law, freedom, justice, and government still prevalent today