1. Light-matter interaction in Cosmic Dust
Thomas Prevenslik QED Radiations Hong Kong and Berlin
Enter speaker notes here. 1
Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

2. GR = general relativity
Introduction
In 1926, Hubble’s redshift measurements of light from distant galaxies suggested the Universe was expanding thereby supporting Einstein’s GR theory
GR = general relativity
The expanding Universe was based on velocity measurements of distant galaxies inferred from Doppler redshifts of light 2
Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

3. Introduction (cont’d)
In the 1930’s, The Milky Way was found to rotate faster than expected suggesting dark matter was present , and To keep the Coma cluster of galaxies together, the mass of dark matter would have to be much higher than visible matter In the 1970’s, redshift measurements of galaxy rotation curves showed a flat velocity profile, the high velocities suggesting dark matter holds the galaxy together. 3
Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018
Since 1950, the computation of rotation curves became vogue after the radio astronomy discovery [4] of the 21 cm line of neutral hydrogen atoms. Unlike optical redshifts based on emission wavelengths, radio redshifts are determined from the frequencies of thermal emission.
In the 1970’s, rotation curves based on both optical and radio redshifts were resolved [5] for the M31 spiral galaxy by assuming the presence of invisible mass thereby marking the beginning of the modern search for dark matter.
Today, scientists generally agree that dark matter is invisible having about 5-times the mass of ordinary matter, but what it is and how it was formed has remained a mystery. Many dark matter dark matter theories are proposed. dark matter may not exist.

4. Introduction (cont’d)
Recently, GR was proposed modified by scale
invariance negating the need for dark matter necessary to hold the galaxy together under high velocities.
But scale invariant GR requires the large scale Universe to be empty space without mass – an unrealistic condition, let alone unverifiable by the scientific method.
Similar arguments can be made for Higgs, MOND, etc. 4
Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

5. Observation
Since Hubble, galaxy velocities from redshift have led science to believe the Universe is expanding and dark matter is necessary to hold cluster galaxies together
Galaxy velocities from redshift are overstated by cosmic dust
Dark matter only exists because of cosmic dust.
Dark matter is not a physical property of the Universe that can be discovered by experiment
Proposal 5
Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

6. QM forbids temperature fluctuations in cosmic dust
QM v. Classical Physics
Classical physics allows atoms in quantum sized cosmic dust particles to fluctuate in temperature
QM forbids temperature fluctuations in cosmic dust
QM = quantum mechanics
QM requires conservation of galaxy photons by non-thermal mechanisms, e.g., the re-emission of redshifted galaxy photons 6
Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

7. Optical Redshift Z meas = Z V + Z D 8 Measured redshift
Z meas =   =  V +  D 
Measured redshift
V = wavelength increment of galaxy recession
D = wavelength increment of cosmic dust
ZV = V/ recession redshift
ZD = D/ cosmic dust redshift
Z meas = Z V + Z D 8
Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

8. Doppler Shift 9 Galaxy velocity measurement
V c = Z meas −1 Z meas
For Zmeas << 1,
V c  Z meas =  o − 
V  c Z meas
Velocity = Light speed * Redshift 9
Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

9. How does cosmic dust provide EM confinement < 0.1 microns?
Heat Capacity
E= hc  exp hc kT −1
Classical physics (dotted lines) allows cosmic dust atoms for any EM confinement to always have kT heat capacity.
QM differs by only allowing kT heat capacity at 300 and 2.7 K for  > 100 and 3000 microns.
How does cosmic dust provide EM confinement < 0.1 microns? 10
Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

10. EM Confinement
EM confinement of atoms in cosmic dust is a natural consequence of high S/V ratios of cosmic dust
S/V = surface-to-volume
Upon absorption of galaxy light, almost all of the photon energy is deposited in the dust surface
Surface heat places dust atoms under EM confinement.
EM confinement occurs as the dust temperature cannot increase to relieve the surface heat by thermal expansion. 11
Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

11. Only real photons exist in this talk
Feynman’s QED
The QED of light-matter interaction is usually thought to proceed by the complex relativistic theory based on virtual photons advanced by Feynman and others
QED lacks experimental verification. Even Feynman's argument that light is made of virtual particles is conjecture as any theory of light-matter interaction can only be verified if based on real photons.
Only real photons exist in this talk 12
Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

12. Simple QED
In contrast to Feynman, simple QED is verifiable in conserving real photons of galaxy light in cosmic dust
Briefly stated:
Under the QM restriction that the heat capacity of the atom under high EM confinement vanishes, the heat of galaxy light absorbed in the dust surface creates standing EM radiation inside the cosmic dust having half wavelength /2 = d, where d is the dust diameter 13
Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

13. The Planck energy E of the standing EM radiation is,
Simple QED(Cont’d)
The Planck energy E of the standing EM radiation is,
E= h c/n  = hc 2nd  
where, the velocity of light c is corrected for the slower speed in the solid state by the refractive index n of dust
Once the EM confinement is depleted in creating the standing wave photon, the EM confinement vanishes
The standing wave photon escapes P and travels to Earth as cosmic dust ZD redshifted galaxy light. 14
Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

14. Corrected Redshift 15 Z D = 2 nd−  Corrected Redshift
 = micron
Ly-
 = micron
Z D = 2 nd− 
Z= Z meas − Z L y −Z H 
Corrected Redshift 15
Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

15. Galaxy Photon  Dust w/o heat capacity  Redshift Photon
Summary
Simple QED converts the galaxy photon as a particle to a wave in cosmic dust and back to a redshifted particle
Galaxy Photon  Dust w/o heat capacity  Redshift Photon
Galaxy Photon
(hc/)
Redshift
Photon
(hc/2nd)
/2
High S/V ratios
Z D = 𝟐nd−  No
Temperature
Change
f = (c/n)/  / 2 = d E = h f 16
Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

16. Discussions 17 Dark Matter Accelerating Universe Expansion
Ghost Galaxy
Wave-Particle Duality 17
Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

17. Newtonian mechanics is valid if dust corrections are made
Dark Matter
In an edge-on view, the spiral galaxy M31 was thought to have a flat velocity profile while Newtonian mechanics suggests decreasing velocity with radius.
The dust redshift ZD is uniform along the radius because the galaxy illuminates about the same amount of cosmic dust NPs along the line-of-sight to the Earth
But the velocities inferred from dust redshift ZD dwarf recession ZV redshifts, VD > VV giving the flat profile
Newtonian mechanics is valid if dust corrections are made ZV V ZD ZV
ZD > 18
Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

18. Accelerated Expansion
In 2001, SN was found brighter than it should gave been  accelerated Universe expansion.
Redshift ZD > 0 means the SN appears further away, Zmeas = ZV + ZD, but is brighter because the SN is actually at ZV
Accelerating Universe is not physical, but rather an illusion caused by cosmic dust. ZV ZD
Observer 19
Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

19. Ghost Galaxy DF2 Galaxy – No Dark matter Questions 20
No dark matter-no galaxy?
Transparent
Can the audience explain?
???
Dark Matter  V and V  Redshift
Redshift  Cosmic Dust 
No dark matter because no cosmic dust !!!
Universe is also transparent
If corrected for cosmic dust surrounding galaxy 20
Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

20. Wave-Particle Duality
Simple QED allows the photon as a particle to become a wave depending on interaction with matter
/2
Galaxy Photon
E = h
Redshift
Photon
E = h’
Particle in vacuum, not a wave
Wave in dust, not in vacuum 21
Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

21. Conclusion
By credibly refuting current cosmology for dark matter and Universe expansion, perhaps cosmology may return to Einstein’s once upon a time static and dynamic Universe. 22
Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018

22. Questions & Papers
Enter speaker notes here. 23
Physics of light-matter interaction in Nanostructures (PLMCN19) – Chengdu, China May 15-19, 2018