1. Unit Six: Chapter 30 • arduous • eulogy • ascetic • gratuitous
• blithe • raze
• deprecate • tawdry
• didactic • unimpeachable
Page 164 in textbook.

2. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 1 arduous – adjective Arduous means
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
1 arduous
– adjective
• According to an ancient story, the hero Hercules had to perform twelve arduous tasks, including killing a serpent with nine heads.
• By the time she finished the fifth bridesmaid’s gown, Martha wished she had not taken on the arduous task of making all the dresses for her daughter’s wedding.
Arduous means
A. effortless.
B. demanding great effort.
C. useless.
Page 164 in textbook.
Answer: B
The next slide explains the answer.
Photo: U.S. Navy - Brien Aho

3. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 1 arduous – adjective Arduous means
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
1 arduous
– adjective
• According to an ancient story, the hero Hercules had to perform twelve arduous tasks, including killing a serpent with nine heads.
• By the time she finished the fifth bridesmaid’s gown, Martha wished she had not taken on the arduous task of making all the dresses for her daughter’s wedding.
Arduous means
A. effortless.
B. demanding great effort.
C. useless.
Page 164 in textbook.
Killing a nine-headed serpent would demand great effort. Making all the fancy dresses needed for a wedding ceremony would demand great effort.
Photo: U.S. Navy - Brien Aho

4. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 2 ascetic – adjective Ascetic means
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2 ascetic
– adjective
• Monks live a very ascetic life. Their rooms, for example, have plain white walls, a single bed, and one hard-backed chair.
• Many religious people believe in being ascetic. They feel that too many luxuries and possessions get in the way of their relationship with God.
Ascetic means
A. self-denying.
B. selfish.
C. lazy.
Page 164 in textbook.
Answer: A
The next slide explains the answer.
Photo: AlejandroLinaresGarci

5. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 2 ascetic – adjective Ascetic means
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2 ascetic
– adjective
• Monks live a very ascetic life. Their rooms, for example, have plain white walls, a single bed, and one hard-backed chair.
• Many religious people believe in being ascetic. They feel that too many luxuries and possessions get in the way of their relationship with God.
Ascetic means
A. self-denying.
B. selfish.
C. lazy.
Page 164 in textbook.
The sparse, plain furnishings of their rooms suggest that monks’ lives are self-denying. People who willingly deprive themselves of luxuries and possessions are self-denying.
Photo: AlejandroLinaresGarci

6. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 3 blithe – adjective Blithe means A. bitter.
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3 blithe
– adjective
• In the play Blithe Spirit, a lighthearted ghost haunts her former husband.
• The students were in a blithe mood after their teacher canceled the midterm exam.
Blithe means
A. bitter.
B. tragic.
C. joyful.
Page 164 in textbook.
Answer: C
The next slide explains the answer.
Photo: Capture Queen

7. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 3 blithe – adjective Blithe means A. bitter.
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3 blithe
– adjective
• In the play Blithe Spirit, a lighthearted ghost haunts her former husband.
• The students were in a blithe mood after their teacher canceled the midterm exam.
Blithe means
A. bitter.
B. tragic.
C. joyful.
Page 164 in textbook.
The word lighthearted suggests that blithe means “joyful.” Finding out they didn’t have to take an exam would put most students in a joyful mood.
Photo: Capture Queen

8. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 4 deprecate – verb Deprecate means A. to condemn.
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4 deprecate
– verb
• Some writers deprecate television as a harmful influence, calling it a “vast wasteland” and a “plug-in drug.” But despite these warnings, people keep watching.
• The Italian chef on television deprecated store-bought pasta, saying it tasted like cardboard. “Make your own fresh pasta!” she urged. “You’ll love it.”
Deprecate means
A. to condemn.
B. to appreciate.
C. to describe.
Page 164 in textbook.
Answer: A
The next slide explains the answer.

9. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 4 deprecate – verb Deprecate means A. to condemn.
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4 deprecate
– verb
• Some writers deprecate television as a harmful influence, calling it a “vast wasteland” and a “plug-in drug.” But despite these warnings, people keep watching.
• The Italian chef on television deprecated store-bought pasta, saying it tasted like cardboard. “Make your own fresh pasta!” she urged. “You’ll love it.”
Deprecate means
A. to condemn.
B. to appreciate.
C. to describe.
Page 164 in textbook.
Using words like harmful and wasteland suggest that the writers are trying to condemn television. Describing store-bought pasta as tasting like cardboard suggests that the chef is trying to condemn pasta that isn’t freshly homemade.

10. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 5 didactic – adjective Didactic means A. twofold.
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5 didactic
– adjective
• Students are sometimes in college for reasons that have little to do with its didactic function: they care less about learning than about pleasing their parents, finding a husband or wife, “making contacts,” and so on.
• Tests and examinations are not given just to annoy students. They have a didactic purpose as part of the learning process.
Didactic means
A. twofold.
B. educational.
C. secret.
Page 164 in textbook.
Answer: B
The next slide explains the answer.

11. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 5 didactic – adjective Didactic means A. twofold.
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5 didactic
– adjective
• Students are sometimes in college for reasons that have little to do with its didactic function: they care less about learning than about pleasing their parents, finding a husband or wife, “making contacts,” and so on.
• Tests and examinations are not given just to annoy students. They have a didactic purpose as part of the learning process.
Didactic means
A. twofold.
B. educational.
C. secret.
Page 164 in textbook.
If students don’t care about learning, they must not be interested in the educational function of college. Because tests can be instructive, they have an educational purpose as well as an evaluative one.

12. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 6 eulogy – noun Eulogy means
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6 eulogy
– noun
• In Shakespeare’s play Julius Caesar, the famous eulogy for Caesar begins like this: “Friends, Romans, countrymen: lend me your ears . . .”
• In a touching children’s book called The Tenth Good Thing about Barney, a little boy creates a eulogy for his dead cat, listing ten things he loved about the cat.
Eulogy means
A. a statement of praise.
B. an attack.
C. a plan.
Page 164 in textbook.
Answer: A
The next slide explains the answer.
Photo: U.S. Navy - Chad J. McNeele

13. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 6 eulogy – noun Eulogy means
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6 eulogy
– noun
• In Shakespeare’s play Julius Caesar, the famous eulogy for Caesar begins like this: “Friends, Romans, countrymen: lend me your ears . . .”
• In a touching children’s book called The Tenth Good Thing about Barney, a little boy creates a eulogy for his dead cat, listing ten things he loved about the cat.
Eulogy means
A. a statement of praise.
B. an attack.
C. a plan.
Page 164 in textbook.
To turn the Romans against Caesar’s assassins, Antony delivers a statement of praise for the murdered emperor. The boy’s list of things he loved is a statement of praise for his dead cat.
Photo: U.S. Navy - Chad J. McNeele

14. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 7 gratuitous – adjective Gratuitous means
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7 gratuitous
– adjective
• In some very good movies, violence is an important part of the story, but many other movies include gratuitous violence just to sell tickets.
• Mark makes a lot of gratuitous comments about how much money he has. Even if money isn’t the topic of conversation, he wants everyone to know he is rich.
Gratuitous means
A. showing gratitude.
B. unnecessary.
C. unclear.
Page 165 in textbook.
Answer: B
The next slide explains the answer.

15. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 7 gratuitous – adjective Gratuitous means
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7 gratuitous
– adjective
• In some very good movies, violence is an important part of the story, but many other movies include gratuitous violence just to sell tickets.
• Mark makes a lot of gratuitous comments about how much money he has. Even if money isn’t the topic of conversation, he wants everyone to know he is rich.
Gratuitous means
A. showing gratitude.
B. unnecessary.
C. unclear.
Page 165 in textbook.
Including violence as an important part of the story is contrasted with its unnecessary use merely as a way to make money. If money isn’t the topic of conversation, then Mark’s comments about how much money he makes are unnecessary.

16. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 8 raze – verb Raze means A. to build.
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8 raze
– verb
• More than a dozen homes were razed to make way for the new shopping mall.
• The children spent hours building houses out of popsicle sticks, razing them with a toy bulldozer, then building them again.
Raze means
A. to build.
B. to repair.
C. to wreck.
Page 165 in textbook.
Answer: C
The next slide explains the answer.
Photo: Ralf Lotys (Sicherlich)

17. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 8 raze – verb Raze means A. to build.
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8 raze
– verb
• More than a dozen homes were razed to make way for the new shopping mall.
• The children spent hours building houses out of popsicle sticks, razing them with a toy bulldozer, then building them again.
Raze means
A. to build.
B. to repair.
C. to wreck.
Page 165 in textbook.
To make room for a new mall, developers would have to wreck and clear away homes previously on the site. Building houses is contrasted with wrecking them with a toy bulldozer.
Photo: Ralf Lotys (Sicherlich)

18. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 9 tawdry – adjective Tawdry means
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9 tawdry
– adjective
• Katia has no taste in clothes and always chooses something tawdry. Her gold prom dress was trimmed with red and purple feathers and covered with silver spangles.
• The restaurant looked tawdry: the pink velvet curtains were grimy; the white carpet was stained; the crystal chandelier—actually plastic—was covered with dust.
Tawdry means
A. old-fashioned.
B. sleazy.
C. elegant.
Page 165 in textbook.
Answer: B
The next slide explains the answer.
Painting: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, (wartburg.edu) (1892, 1895)

19. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 9 tawdry – adjective Tawdry means
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9 tawdry
– adjective
• Katia has no taste in clothes and always chooses something tawdry. Her gold prom dress was trimmed with red and purple feathers and covered with silver spangles.
• The restaurant looked tawdry: the pink velvet curtains were grimy; the white carpet was stained; the crystal chandelier—actually plastic—was covered with dust.
Tawdry means
A. old-fashioned.
B. sleazy.
C. elegant.
Page 165 in textbook.
Painting: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, (wartburg.edu) (1892, 1895)
Katia’s prom dress (gold, feathers, spangles) is tasteless, gaudy, and sleazy. Grimy velvet and a dusty, fake-crystal chandelier make the restaurant seem cheap, vulgar, and sleazy.

20. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 10 unimpeachable – adjective Unimpeachable means
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10 unimpeachable
– adjective
• Janos said, “My mother’s parenting has been unimpeachable. You can tell she was an excellent parent simply by the fact that I have turned out so well.”
• “I expect your conduct on the playing field to be unimpeachable,” the coach told the team. “Everything you do should bring credit and honor to the school.”
Unimpeachable means
A. without fault.
B. difficult to judge.
C. inadequate.
Page 165 in textbook.
Answer: A
The next slide explains the answer.
Photo: U.S. Army - Leroy Council

21. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT 10 unimpeachable – adjective Unimpeachable means
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10 unimpeachable
– adjective
• Janos said, “My mother’s parenting has been unimpeachable. You can tell she was an excellent parent simply by the fact that I have turned out so well.”
• “I expect your conduct on the playing field to be unimpeachable,” the coach told the team. “Everything you do should bring credit and honor to the school.”
Unimpeachable means
A. without fault.
B. difficult to judge.
C. inadequate.
Page 165 in textbook.
The word excellent suggests that the mother’s parenting was without fault. For every action to bring credit and honor to the school, the players’ conduct will have to be without fault.
Photo: U.S. Army - Leroy Council

22. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. arduous B. ascetic C. blithe
D. deprecate
E. didactic
F. eulogy G. gratuitous H. raze
I. tawdry
J. unimpeachable
1. Although the older children were upset about moving, their four-year-old sister was her usual _________ self. She said, “This will be fun!”
2. Student teachers take some classes in specific subjects, such as math, and some in _________ methods, such as “Teaching the Elementary-School Child.”
Page 166 in textbook.
Answers: 1. blithe; 2. didactic
The next slide explains the answers.

23. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. arduous B. ascetic C. blithe
D. deprecate
E. didactic
F. eulogy G. gratuitous H. raze
I. tawdry
J. unimpeachable
1. Although the older children were upset about moving, their four-year-old sister was her usual _________ self. She said, “This will be fun!”
blithe
The word fun suggests she is cheerful and lighthearted, rather than upset.
2. Student teachers take some classes in specific subjects, such as math, and some in _________ methods, such as “Teaching the Elementary-School Child.”
didactic
Page 166 in textbook.
Courses in specific subjects are contrasted with courses designed to teach methods of teaching.

24. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. arduous B. ascetic C. blithe
D. deprecate
E. didactic
F. eulogy G. gratuitous H. raze
I. tawdry
J. unimpeachable
3. Readers are beginning to object to the newspaper’s _________ use of photographs of crime scenes. Several times a week, the paper unnecessarily splashes some gruesome photo across the front page.
4. Before the invention of the modern printing press, publishing books was a(n) ________ and painstaking° task—it required copying every word by hand.
Page 166 in textbook.
Answers: 3. gratuitous; 4. arduous; 5. unimpeachable
The next slide explains the answers.
5. The work of the Widget Department has been ____________. In the latest shipment of 633,521 widgets, there was not a single defect.

25. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. arduous B. ascetic C. blithe
D. deprecate
E. didactic
F. eulogy G. gratuitous H. raze
I. tawdry
J. unimpeachable
3. Readers are beginning to object to the newspaper’s _________ use of photographs of crime scenes. Several times a week, the paper unnecessarily splashes some gruesome photo across the front page.
gratuitous
Unnecessary suggests the photos are used without any good reason.
4. Before the invention of the modern printing press, publishing books was an _________ and painstaking° task—it required copying every word by hand.
arduous
Page 166 in textbook.
The word painstaking suggests it was a difficult or strenuous task.
5. The work of the Widget Department has been ____________. In the latest shipment of 633,521 widgets, there was not a single defect.
unimpeachable
If they were able to produce thousands of items without a single defect, then their work was beyond criticism or reproach.

26. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. arduous B. ascetic C. blithe
D. deprecate
E. didactic
F. eulogy G. gratuitous H. raze
I. tawdry
J. unimpeachable
6. At the music teacher’s funeral, one student spoke the _________, and then several others offered a musical tribute, singing some of her favorite choruses.
7. For his wedding, Bert wore a powder-blue tuxedo with fake leopard lapels. “It may be _________,” he said, “but it’s more fun than quiet good taste.”
Page 166 in textbook.
Answers: 6. eulogy; 7. tawdry
The next slide explains the answers.

27. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. arduous B. ascetic C. blithe
D. deprecate
E. didactic
F. eulogy G. gratuitous H. raze
I. tawdry
J. unimpeachable
6. At the music teacher’s funeral, one student spoke the _________, and then several others offered a musical tribute, singing some of her favorite choruses.
eulogy
The first student, like the singers, gave a tribute to someone who died.
7. For his wedding, Bert wore a powder-blue tuxedo with fake leopard lapels. “It may be _________,” he said, “but it’s more fun than quiet good taste.”
tawdry
Page 166 in textbook.
Quiet good taste is contrasted with Bert’s tastelessly showy, cheap, gaudy, vulgar tuxedo.

28. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. arduous B. ascetic C. blithe
D. deprecate
E. didactic
F. eulogy G. gratuitous H. raze
I. tawdry
J. unimpeachable
8. A big crowd gathered to watch the demolition crew _________ the old department store. It was strange to see the huge building crumble like a house of cards.
9. The Walkers have adopted a(n) _________ lifestyle in order to remember the many people in the world who are hungry. They often have only a little rice and some beans for dinner.
Page 166 in textbook.
Answers: 8. raze; 9. ascetic; 10. deprecate
The next slide explains the answers.
10. Dr. Krankheit _________s prescribing antibiotics for every case of the sniffles. “Let nature take its course,” he says.

29. SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. arduous B. ascetic C. blithe
D. deprecate
E. didactic
F. eulogy G. gratuitous H. raze
I. tawdry
J. unimpeachable
8. A big crowd gathered to watch the demolition crew _________ the old department store. It was strange to see the huge building crumble like a house of cards.
raze
Demolition crews completely tear down, or demolish, buildings.
9. The Walkers have adopted an __________ lifestyle in order to remember the many people in the world who are hungry. They often have only a little rice and some beans for dinner.
ascetic
Page 166 in textbook.
Limiting their dinner to beans and rice shows their austere lifestyle.
10. Dr. Krankheit _________ prescribing antibiotics for every case of the sniffles. “Let nature take its course,” he says.
deprecates
His recommendation that patients let their bodies heal naturally shows his disapproval of overprescribing antibiotics.