1. IS3120 Network Communications Infrastructure
Unit 8
Distance Vector IP Routing,, WANs, and Classful IP Routing

2. Class Agenda 5/6/16 Cover Chapter 11 of Text book Learning Objectives
Lesson Presentation and Discussions.
Discussion on Assignments.
Discussion on Lab Activities.
Break Times as per School Regulations.
Unit 8 Quiz 4

3. Learning Objective
Design and configure distance vector routing protocols to meet business objectives.

4. Key Concepts Classful IP routing Distance vector routing protocols
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Key Concepts
Classful IP routing
Distance vector routing protocols
RIP, RIPv2, EIGRP
Distance vector IP routed networks design
RIP, RIPv2, and EIGRP IP routing and classful IP routing configuration
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5. 9/17/2018
EXPLORE: CONCEPTS
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6. Distance Vector Routing Protocols
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Distance Vector Routing Protocols
Network A
Network B 1 Hop
Network C 2 Hops
Distance routing protocols inform every router they are connected to about each of the networks they are connected to as well as the networks their other neighbors are connected to. Distance is measured by the number of routers, or hops, required to reach another network.
Common distance routing protocols are RIP, RIPv2, and EIGRP. RIP and RIPv2 both have a maximum hop limit of 15 to prevent routing loops while EIGRP has a configurable limit up to 255 with a default of 100.
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7. RIP / RIPv2 Advantages Disadvantages Slow convergence
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RIP / RIPv2
Advantages
Disadvantages
Doesn’t scale
High bandwidth needs
Limited hop count
Slow convergence
Simple to implement
Low RAM/CPU needs
RIPv1/RIPv2 update their routing table every 30 seconds with information from their neighboring routes. Routing table is rebuilt with new information each time. Routers can only see their neighbors. It can take 7 minutes for a network change to propagate throughout an internetwork (15 hops / 30 seconds). All neighbor routes are equal, regardless of bandwidth of links.
RIPv2 supports variable-length subnet masks and classless inter domain routing.
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8. EIGRP Disadvantages Advantages Higher allowed hop count
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EIGRP
Disadvantages
Advantages
Higher allowed hop count
Quick convergence
Multiple metric for each count
Doesn’t scale to large networks
Proprietary protocol
EIGRP was designed by Cisco Systems to allow bandwidth, delay, load, MTU, and reliability into the equation when calculating distance. Limitation of 15 hops was increased to 255 although 100 hops was kept as the default. Easy to configure and maintain for small networks but doesn’t scale to large networks. Proprietary protocol only works on Cisco Systems routers.
RIPv1 is defined in RFC 1058.
RIPv2 is defined in RFC 2453.
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9. Classful IP Routing Class E 1111 Class D 1110 Class C 110 Class B 10
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Classful IP Routing
Class A 0
Class B 10
Class C 110
Class D 1110
Class E
Classful routing is based on the most-significant bits of an IP address. No subnet mask is used.
The Class ID defines the bits used for the Network ID.
Class A – 128 (2^7) networks with 16,777,216 (2^24) addresses available –
Class B – 16,384 (2^14) networks with 65,536 (2^16) addresses available –
Class C – 2,097,152 (2^21) networks with 256 (2^8) address available –
Class D – Multicast network. No defined networks or addresses –
Class E – Reserved. No defined networks or addresses –
Distance vector routing protocols are classful routing protocols. No support of Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM) and Classless Inter Domain Routing (CIDR).
Classful routing protocol examples: Routing Information Protocol version 1 (RIPv1) and Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)
Classful routing is a consequence of the fact that routing masks are not advertised in the periodic, routine, routing advertisements generated by distance vector routing protocols.
Class ID
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10. 9/17/2018
EXPLORE: PROCESSES
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11. Distance Vector Routing Design
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Distance Vector Routing Design
Routing Protocol
Scalability
Stability of Connection
Manageability
Bandwidth Usage
Scalability – Current and future size of internetwork.
Stability of connection – Is the connection between two routers always on? Is it a dial-on-demand connection?
Manageability – How easy is it to build the internetwork and add or remove networks?
Bandwidth Usage – How well does the protocol utilize the available bandwidth?
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12. 9/17/2018
EXPLORE: ROLES
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13. 9/17/2018
RIP, RIPv2, and EIGRP
Dynamically allow two or more networks to learn about each other
Easily managed
Low processing and memory requirements
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14. RIP Entire routing table exchanged Updates sent every 30 seconds
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RIP
Entire routing table exchanged
Updates sent every 30 seconds
Limited to 15 hops
All devices must inspect routing packet
Slow convergence of network changes
Two message types – Request and Response
Updates sent every 30 seconds means the network is flooded. RIP packets sent out via broadcast means all devices must inspect packet.
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15. RIPv2 Entire routing table exchanged Updates sent every 30 seconds
9/17/2018
RIPv2
Entire routing table exchanged
Updates sent every 30 seconds
Limited to 15 hops
Only other routers inspect routing packet
Slow convergence of network changes
Authentication between neighbors
RIP packets sent out via multicast so only routers or other network devices need to inspect packet. Security is added to prevent malicious attacks on the routing table.
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16. EIGRP Only routing changes are sent
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EIGRP
Only routing changes are sent
Hello packets sent based on speed of network
Limited to 255 hops
Changes are sent as soon as detected
Hops calculated on distance and bandwidth
Authentication between neighbors
Hello packets are sent every 5 seconds on a high speed (LAN) connection and every 60 seconds on a low speed (WAN) connection.
Hops are calculated using distance and connection type.
Changes to routing table are sent to neighbors when detected rather than at preset intervals.
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17. 9/17/2018
EXPLORE: CONTEXTS
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18. Designing a distance vector routing network
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Designing a distance vector routing network
When designing their networks, students should consider the different abilities of each of the different protocols as well as the different needs of a hub and spoke network compared to a mesh network.
A hub and spoke network has only one connection to each of the spokes. There isn’t a different route that could be taken that may use more hops but uses a faster connection.
A full mesh network gives every router a direct connection to every other router. If a connection to a router is severed, the router may still be accessible through one of the other connections. All connections may not be rated equally. A router may have a combination of different connection types with varying speeds. The routing protocol used should consider the speed and reliability of a network connection when choosing the best route to reach a network.
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19. Summary In this presentation, the following were covered:
9/17/2018
Summary
In this presentation, the following were covered:
Classful IP routing
Distance vector routing protocols
RIP, RIPv2, and EIGRP
Distance vector IP routed network design
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20. Unit 8: Assignments
Assignment 8.3 Solving a Business Challenge Using Distance Vector IP Routing.