1. Western Frontier
Chapter 18

2. Bell Ringer Monday Turn to page 533 in the blue textbook.
Read the instructions on the left side of the page.
Use the map to answer the questions at the bottom

3. Introduction
(455)

4. The Mining Booms
As more settlers moved West, mining, ranching, and railroads soon transformed the western landscape.
A mining boom brought growth to the West.
The demand for cattle created a short-lived Cattle Kingdom on the Great Plains.

5. Mining in the West
Mining became big business with discoveries of large deposits of precious metals, such as the Comstock Lode in Nevada.
Miners from all over the world came to work in the western mines.
Boomtowns grew quickly when a mine opened and often disappeared quickly when the mine closed.
Mining was dangerous. The equipment was unsafe and miners had to breathe hot, stuffy air that causes lung disease. Poorly planned explosions and cave-ins killed and injured miners. Fires were also a threat.

6. Railroads connect East & West
Wagon Trains & stagecoaches could not move people fast enough
Railroads could and did.
Between 1865 & 1890-miles of track in the U.S. soared from 35,000 to 150,000 miles.

7. Bell Ringer Wed Turn to page 543
Do the Graph skills exercise at the bottom of the page.
We will discuss as a class

8. Bell Ringer Wednesday

9. Transcontinental Railway
A route was needed to connect the Atlantic and Pacific coasts.
Two companies competed with each other.
Union Pacific-began laying track westward
Central Pacific- began laying track eastward.
Each wanted to cover a greater distance to receive more of the government subsidies.

11. The Transcontinental Railway
Large numbers of Irish and Chinese immigrants worked on the railroads.
In May of 1869, the railway was connected in Utah.
The Governor of California drove a golden spike into a tie to join the two railroads.

14. Results of the Railroad
Economic growth and population in the West increased.
Railroads provided better transportation for people and goods
They also encouraged people to move west.
Railroads became one of the country’s biggest industries.
Railroads changed how people measured time with the creation of time zones

15. Video
Charlie Brown

16. Rancher & Farmers
The increasing demand for beef helped the cattle industry grow.
Cattle ranchers in Texas drove herds to Abilene, Kansas, to be shipped east.
Cattle ranching spread across the Great Plains, creating the Cattle Kingdom that stretched from Texas to Canada.
Ranchers grazed huge herds on public land called the open range.
Competition, the invention of barbed wire, and the loss of prairie grass brought an end to the Cattle Kingdom.

17. Ranchers and Farmers Ranchers had plenty of cattle
The markets to sell the beef was in the North & the East.
The cattle could be loaded on trains in Missouri and shipped North & East.
The cattle drive or long drive- herding cattle 1000 miles or more to meet the railroads.
Stampedes was one of the greatest dangers on these cattle drives

18. Chapter 18 Vocabulary Lode​ sodbuster​ Ore​ dry farming​ Vigilante​
nomadic​
ghost town​
reservation​
subsidy​
National Grange
transcontinental​
Cooperative
Open range​
Populist Part y
Brand​
Free Silver​
Vaquero​
homestead​

19. People, Places, & things Boomtowns (1) Time Zones (1)
Promontory Point (1)
Leland Stanford (1)
Cow towns (2)
Long Drive (2)
Stampede (2)
Chaps (2)
Lariats (2)
Homestead Act (2)

20. Guided Reading 18.1

21. Bell Ringer- Friday

22. Farmers Settle the Plains
Three factors brought settlers to the plains:
Railroads made the journey easier & cheaper
New laws offered free land(Homestead Act)
Above average rainfall

23. Farmers Settle the Plains
Homestead Act:
Passed by Congress
Gave settler 160 acres
Had to live on the land for 5 years
Effect:
Lured thousands of new settlers to the plains. .

24. Video
(247)

25. Ranchers and Farmers notes Guided reading 18.2