1. Geography of the Periodic Table
Unit 4 – Periodic Table
Mrs. Callender

2. Lesson Essential Question:
What information does the periodic table tell me?

3. Horizontal Row on a periodic table is called a PERIOD.

4. The elements in any group of the periodic table have similar physical and chemical properties!
The vertical columns of the periodic table are called GROUPS, or FAMILIES.

5. METALS Metals Good conductors of heat and electricity. Malleable
Ductile
High tensile strength
Have a luster
Lose electrons becoming positive ions.

6. Metalloids Properties of both metals and nonmetals.
More brittle than metals but less
brittle than nonmetals.
Semiconductors of electricity.
High tensile strength.
Lose and gain electrons to get to
happy eight land.

7. Semiconductor
Anything that's computerized or uses radio waves depends on semiconductors.
Today, most semiconductor chips and transistors are created with silicon.
"Silicon Valley" and the "silicon economy -- silicon is the heart of any electronic device.

8. Nonmetals Poor conductors of heat and electricity. Tend to be brittle.
Many are gaseous at room temperature.

9. HYDROGEN Hydrogen belongs to a family of its own.
Hydrogen is a diatomic, reactive gas.
Hydrogen was involved in the explosion of the Hindenburg.
Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel source for automobiles

10. ALKALI METALS
Very reactive metals, always combined with something else in nature (like in salt).
Soft enough to cut with a butter knife
S1 Electrons
Reactivity increases as you move down the column.

11. ALKALI METALS

12. ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Reactive metals that are always combined with nonmetals in nature.
Several of these elements are important mineral nutrients (such as Mg and Ca

13. ALKALINE EARTH METALS

14. NOBLE GASES – INERT GASES
Elements in group 18
VERY unreactive, monatomic gases
Used in lighted “neon” signs
Used in blimps to fix the Hindenburg problem.
Have a full valence shell.

15. NOBLE GASES – INERT GASES

16. TRANSITION METALS Elements in groups 3-12 Less reactive harder metals
Includes metals used in jewelry and construction.
Metals used “as metal.”

17. RARE EARTH METALS

18. RARE EARTH METALS Element Etymology Uses Promethium
For Titan Promethius who brought fire to mortals.
Nuclear Batteries
Thulium
For the mythical northern land of Thule.
Portable X-ray machines
Cerium
Dwarf planet Ceres.
Yellow color in glass and ceramics, Self cleaning ovens and cracking catalyst in oil refineries.
Dysprosium
From the Greek “dysporsitos” meaning hard to get.
Rare earth magnets and lasers
Lutetitium
For Lutetia, the city which became Paris.
PET scan detectors, high refractive index glass.

19. Halogens Have seven valence electrons. s2p5
Gain 1 electron, -1 charge.
Never found pure in nature because they are too reactive.
Fluorine is the most reactive.
In their pure form they are diatomic, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

20. Chalcogens Have six valence electrons. s2p4
Gain 2 electrons, -2 charge.