1. First Aid Day III Objectives
The student will define and apply the term Triage
The students will be able to assess and treat for Shock
The students will be able to distinguish be the different Types of Bleeding
The students will be able to identify and use the different types of Bandages and Dressings
The students will be able to identify the different Types of Wounds
The student will be able to assess and Care for Wounds
SOLs: 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.3c, 9.3d, 9.3e, 9.4a, 9.4b, 9.5a, 9.5c,9.5d, 9.5e

2. Bell Ringer #3 Confusion
Scenario #3
You are conducting patron surveillance. An older adult has been exercising in about shoulder deep water. As you continue to scan you see him suddenly stop what he is doing; he looks confused and seems to be having trouble with one side of his body.
Describe what steps you would take to help this older adult and why you would take these actions.

3. Prioritizing Care More than 1 Victim (COPY)
Triage: the process of prioritizing (to put in order) sick or injured people for treatment according to the seriousness of the condition or injury.

4. Prioritizing Care More than 1 Victim Triage (COPY)
Immediate Care
Life-threatening emergencies
Immediate transport and advanced care
Urgent Care
Care and transportation can be delayed up to one hour if necessary
Delayed Care
Care and transportation for victims can be delayed up to 3 hours

5. SHOCK (COPY) Care for shock Elevate legs Maintain normal body temp
Shock Positions

6. Shock (COPY)
Circulatory system fails to circulate oxygen-rich blood to cells throughout body.
Heart failure
Fluid loss
Respiratory

7. Shock Signs/Symptoms (COPY)
Restlessness and altered mental status
Pale, cold, or clammy skin
Rapid breathing and heart rate
Changes in responsiveness

8. Caring for Shock (COPY)
1. Activate EMS
2. Assess
3. Respond to other life-threatening emergencies
4. Place victim on back (shock positions)
Elevate legs and prevent body heat loss
Care for life-threatening emergencies

9. Anaphylaxis

10. Anaphylaxis (COPY)
Shock caused by reaction to: medications, foods, insect stings, plants, radioactive dyes.
Can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.
Call and use epinephrine if prescribed
Swollen face
Difficulty breathing
Tightness in chest or throat
Dizziness

11. BLEEDING
Overview
Control bleeding:
Direct pressure
Elevate

12. Types of Bleeding (COPY)
Arterial:
Spurting
Venous
Gushing
Capillary
Oozing
Internal
- bruising

13. Controlling External Bleeding (COPY)
Direct Pressure
Fingers or palm of hand
Elevate Body Part
Pressure Bandage
Pressure Points

14. Bandages and Dressings
Adhesive Strips
Trauma Dressings
Gauze Pads
Bandages
Roller Bandages
Triangular Bandages

15. Internal Bleeding (COPY)
Care for shock and call 9-1-1
Bruises and contusions
Painful, tender, rigid, bruised abdomen
Vomiting or coughing up blood
Stool that is black or contains blood

16. WOUNDS (COPY) Overview: Injuries to soft tissue Open Wound
Impaled Object
Closed Wound
Amputation

17. Caring for Wounds (COPY)
Open Wounds: Care for bleeding and infection are primary responsibilities. May need sutures
Closed Wounds: Bleeding floods the inner tissue
Potentially life-threatening:
Multiple wounds
Extensive size or depth

18. Wounds requiring medical attention
Care for Wounds cont…
Wounds requiring medical attention
Arterial bleeding
Deep incision, laceration, or avulsion that;
Goes into the muscle or bone
Is located on a body part that bends (knee, elbow)
Tends to gape widely
Is located on thumb or palm (nerve damage)
Uncontrolled bleeding
A large or deep puncture wound

19. Care for Wounds cont…
A large embedded object or a deeply embedded object of any size
Foreign matter left in the wound
Animal or human bite
Possibility of a scar (needs sutures)
Eyelid cut
Split lip
Internal bleeding
Tetanus not current
Uncertainty about how to treat

20. Specific Types of Wounds (COPY)
Abrasions:
Top layer of skin rubbed or scraped away.
Little or no blood loss
Puncture:
Deep and narrow
Object pierces through skin

21. Specific Wounds cont… (COPY)
Incision:
Smooth cut or slice through one or more layers of skin
Laceration:
Skin tissue and skin layers torn leaving rough or uneven edges

22. Specific Wounds cont… (COPY)
Avulsion
Piece of skin is torn or left hanging from the body

23. Respond: Open Wounds (COPY)
Control Bleeding
Direct pressure and elevation
Clean Injury
Clean shallow wounds with soap and water
Do NOT clean deep wounds
Bandage and Protect
Bandage and apply antibiotic ointment to minor wounds
Sutures: Within 6-8 hours of injury leads to faster healing, reduces infection, and lessens scarring
Sutures not needed when
Skin of cut edges fall together
Shallow cuts less than one inch

24. Closed Wounds (COPY) Occurs when a blunt object strikes the body
Skin is not broken, but tissue and blood vessels below surface are crushed, causing flooding with nearby tissue

25. Respond: Closed Wounds (COPY)
Cool Area
Apply ice or cold pack to reduce swelling and bleeding
Control Bleeding
Wrap with elastic bandage and elevate above level of heart
Monitor and Care
Watch for possible fractures and/or other injuries

26. Impaled Objects (COPY)
Usually extend into the fat, muscle, and other tissue
Can cause severe bleeding if object penetrates a major blood vessel or organ

27. Respond: Impaled Object (COPY)
Control Bleeding
Remove surrounding clothing
Place pressure around object to stop bleeding
Stabilize Injury
Use bulky dressing
Do NOT remove object
Bandage and Protect
Activate EMS

28. Amputations (COPY) Cutting or tearing off of a body part
Usually bleed heavily
Activate EMS immediately

29. Respond: Amputations (COPY)
Wrapped severed tissue in sterile gauze and keep it cold and dry by placing it in a sealed plastic bag and putting ice on it
Control Bleeding
Direct pressure to wound
Elevate
Bandage and Protect
Sterile or clean dressing and bandage
Transport tissue and victim to hospital

30. Respond Con’t: Amputations (COPY)
Elevate
Bandage and Protect
Sterile or clean dressing and bandage
Transport tissue and victim to hospital

31. Wound Care Precautions (COPY)
If wound involves metal
Tetanus shot may be necessary
Avoid direct contact with blood
Do NOT clean large or severe wounds
Do NOT scrub a wound